Genome assembly of the evergreen broad-leaved tree Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. et Mashiba subsp. sieboldii (Fagaceae)

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Castanopsis sieboldii is a dominant tree species in the warm-temperate forests of western Japan, playing crucial roles in forest ecosystems and human cultures. This species and Castanopsis cuspidata often hybridize in overlapping distribution regions, leading to long-standing debates over their classifications. Although several morphological and genetic markers have been proposed to differentiate the species and their hybrids, the genes underlying phenotypic differences remain unknown. In this study, we estimated the genome size and assembled the genome of Castanopsis sieboldii subsp. sieboldii. Using short reads (98.68 Gb generated using DNBSEQ-G400 and DNBSEQ-T7 sequencers), the genome size was estimated at 812.91 Mbp, with a heterozygosity level of 2.13%. Genome assembly was conducted using long reads generated via MinION (20.54 Gb; 25.30× genome coverage) and Revio (21.59 Gb; 26.59× genome coverage). The assembled genome consisted of 267 contigs with a total length of 959.00 Mb and an N50 length of 22.26 Mb. The draft genome achieved over 90% read mapping rates for both DNA and RNA sequencing reads as well as 98.7% gene completeness, as estimated using the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologue tool. The genome sequence of C. sieboldii will be valuable for species identifications, ecological research, wood science, and applications such as tree breeding.

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