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LDL consists of several subclasses with distinct sizes, densities, and physicochemical compositions. Thus, LDL subclasses can be separated by various laboratory procedures. Among them, ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis have been used most frequently for determining LDL subclasses. Accumulating evidence has shown that a predominance of small dense LDL (sd-LDL) is closely associated with CAD. Moreover, sd-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) concentrations are elevated in groups at a high risk for CAD, such as patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, sd-LDL concentration is recognized as a surrogate marker for CAD. However, some studies failed to show therapeutic modulation of sd-LDL, likely because separating methods and sd-LDL particle definitions have not yet been standardized. Recently, a detergent-based homogenous assay for sd-LDL-C has been developed. This method does not require any pretreatment, and the measured values are highly reproducible with an automated analyzer. These features are suitable for large-scale clinical studies. This homogeneous assay is a useful tool for clarifying whether sd-LDL-C is a superior marker to LDL-C, and whether sd-LDL-C lipid-lowering therapies decrease the incidence of CAD."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276159432192","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"10345506"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000010345506"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000353367351"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000387430951"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Satoshi Hirayama"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284918995488256","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takashi Miida"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00098981"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Clinica Chimica Acta"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2012-12","prism:volume":"414","prism:startingPage":"215","prism:endingPage":"224"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0009898112004457?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0009898112004457?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2012-09-16","modifiedAt":"2025-11-02","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cardiovascular%20Diseases","dc:title":"Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Risk%20Factors","dc:title":"Risk Factors"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Animals","dc:title":"Animals"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Humans","dc:title":"Humans"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cholesterol,%20LDL","dc:title":"Cholesterol, LDL"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Biomarkers","dc:title":"Biomarkers"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257100738048","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22590535"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22590535"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22590535/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"アポ E リッチ HDL 亜分画の変動と HDL ホモジニアス法の反応性との関係について"},{"@language":"en","@value":"The relation between changes of ApoE-rich HDL subclasses and reactivity to HDL-C homogenous assay"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257142793472","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"23590689"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP23590689"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23590689/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"炎症により影響を受けない栄養アセスメントのための脂質関連検査の検索"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Study of lipid-related markers for nutritional assessment unaffected by inflammation"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050587981435800960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Measurement of lipoprotein particle sizes using dynamic light scattering"},{"@value":"Measurement of lipoprotien particle sizes usnig dynamic light scattering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215849084288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Circadian change of serum concentration of small dense LDL-cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011146259676032","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Intrahepatic Fat Accumulation and Alterations in Lipoprotein Composition in Obese Adolescents"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292617910447744","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"From noncoding variant to phenotype via SORT1 at the 1p13 cholesterol locus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618655598464","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Meta-Analysis of Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials Comparing Intensive Versus Moderate Statin Therapy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618656099712","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of rosuvastatin on electronegative LDL as characterized by capillary isotachophoresis: the ROSARY Study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618936860416","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Direct Determination of Lipoprotein Particle Sizes and Concentrations by Ion Mobility Analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619006302720","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Metabolism of human intermediate and very low density lipoprotein subfractions from normal and dysbetalipoproteinemic plasma. 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