{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216124766080.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.pocean.2015.01.012"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0079661115000233?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0079661115000233?httpAccept=text/plain"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Demonstration of a fully-coupled end-to-end model for small pelagic fish using sardine and anchovy in the California Current"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Abstract   We describe and document an end-to-end model of anchovy and sardine population dynamics in the California Current as a proof of principle that such coupled models can be developed and implemented. The end-to-end model is 3-dimensional, time-varying, and multispecies, and consists of four coupled submodels: hydrodynamics, Eulerian nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton (NPZ), an individual-based full life cycle anchovy and sardine submodel, and an agent-based fishing fleet submodel. A predator roughly mimicking albacore was included as individuals that consumed anchovy and sardine. All submodels were coded within the ROMS open-source community model, and used the same resolution spatial grid and were all solved simultaneously to allow for possible feedbacks among the submodels. We used a super-individual approach and solved the coupled models on a distributed memory parallel computer, both of which created challenging but resolvable bookkeeping challenges. The anchovy and sardine growth, mortality, reproduction, and movement, and the fishing fleet submodel, were each calibrated using simplified grids before being inserted into the full end-to-end model. An historical simulation of 1959–2008 was performed, and the latter 45 years analyzed. Sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) for the historical simulation showed strong horizontal gradients and multi-year scale temporal oscillations related to various climate indices (PDO, NPGO), and both showed responses to ENSO variability. Simulated total phytoplankton was lower during strong El Nino events and higher for the strong 1999 La Nina event. The three zooplankton groups generally corresponded to the spatial and temporal variation in simulated total phytoplankton. Simulated biomasses of anchovy and sardine were within the historical range of observed biomasses but predicted biomasses showed much less inter-annual variation. Anomalies of annual biomasses of anchovy and sardine showed a switch in the mid-1990s from anchovy to sardine dominance. Simulated averaged weights- and lengths-at-age did not vary much across decades, and movement patterns showed anchovy located close to the coast while sardine were more dispersed and farther offshore. Albacore predation on anchovy and sardine was concentrated near the coast in two pockets near the Monterey Bay area and equatorward of Cape Mendocino. Predation mortality from fishing boats was concentrated where sardine age-1 and older individuals were located close to one of the five ports. We demonstrated that it is feasible to perform multi-decadal simulations of a fully-coupled end-to-end model, and that this can be done for a model that follows individual fish and boats on the same 3-dimensional grid as the hydrodynamics. Our focus here was on proof of principle and our results showed that we solved the major technical, bookkeeping, and computational issues. We discuss the next steps to increase computational speed and to include important biological differences between anchovy and sardine. In a companion paper (Fiechter et al., 2015), we further analyze the historical simulation in the context of the various hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the sardine and anchovy cycles."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199310","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kenneth A. Rose"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199303","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jerome Fiechter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199308","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Enrique N. Curchitser"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199301","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kate Hedstrom"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199302","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Miguel Bernal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199304","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sean Creekmore"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199297","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alan Haynie"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199307","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shin-ichi Ito"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199309","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Salvador Lluch-Cota"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199311","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Bernard A. Megrey"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199306","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Chris A. Edwards"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199300","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Dave Checkley"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199298","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tony Koslow"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199305","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sam McClatchie"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199312","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Francisco Werner"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199299","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alec MacCall"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919280199296","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Vera Agostini"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00796611"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Progress in Oceanography"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2015-11","prism:volume":"138","prism:startingPage":"348","prism:endingPage":"380"},"reviewed":"false","invited":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0079661115000233?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0079661115000233?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2015-02-04","modifiedAt":"2025-09-24","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781833848832","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H05823"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H05823"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-15H05823/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"水産生物の環境履歴と水産資源変動"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Environmental history of living marine resources and fluctuation of fisheries resources"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050019668024226432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Vertical habitat selection of sardine juveniles inferred from oxygen stable isotope of otolith"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142513484928","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Small pelagic fish in the new millennium: A bottom-up view of global research effort"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142514423168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Disentangling density‐dependent effects on egg production and survival from egg to recruitment in fish"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144212708352","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Comment on temperature-dependent stock–recruit modeling for Pacific sardine (<i>Sardinops sagax</i>) in Jacobson and MacCall (1995), McClatchie et al. 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