{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229806302976.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/2016ja023778"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA023778"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023778"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Global distribution of neutral wind shear associated with sporadic <i>E</i> layers derived from GAIA"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>There have been a number of papers reporting that the statistical occurrence rate of the sporadic <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E<jats:sub>s</jats:sub></jats:italic>) layer depends not only on the local time and season but also on the geographical location, implying that geographical and seasonal dependence in vertical neutral wind shear is one of the factors responsible for the geographical and seasonal dependence in <jats:italic>E<jats:sub>s</jats:sub></jats:italic> layer occurrences rate. To study the role of neutral wind shear in the global distribution of the <jats:italic>E<jats:sub>s</jats:sub></jats:italic> layer occurrence rate, we employ a self‐consistent atmosphere‐ionosphere coupled model called GAIA (Ground‐to‐topside model of Atmosphere and Ionosphere for Aeronomy), which incorporates meteorological reanalysis data in the lower atmosphere. The average distribution of neutral wind shear in the lower thermosphere is derived for the June–August and December–February periods, and the global distribution of vertical ion convergence is obtained to estimate the <jats:italic>E<jats:sub>s</jats:sub></jats:italic> layer occurrence rate. It is found that the local and seasonal dependence of neutral wind shear is an important factor in determining the dependence of the <jats:italic>E<jats:sub>s</jats:sub></jats:italic> layer occurrence rate on geographical distribution and seasonal variation. However, there are uncertainties in the simulated vertical neutral wind shears, which have larger scales than the observed wind shear scales. Furthermore, other processes such as localization of magnetic field distribution, background metallic ion distribution, ionospheric electric fields, and chemical processes of metallic ions are also likely to make an important contribution to geographical distribution and seasonal variation of the <jats:italic>E<jats:sub>s</jats:sub></jats:italic> occurrence rate.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004229806302727","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Shinagawa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology  Tokyo Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004229806302863","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Miyoshi"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004229806302984","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Jin"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology  Tokyo Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004229806302993","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Fujiwara"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Faculty of Science and Technology Seikei University  Tokyo Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21699380"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21699402"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2017-04","prism:volume":"122","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"4450","prism:endingPage":"4465"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F2016JA023778"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JA023778"}],"createdAt":"2017-03-19","modifiedAt":"2023-09-10","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781894530688","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16H01181"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16H01181"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PUBLICLY-16H01181/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"中間圏・下部熱圏H2O・HOx光化学モデルの開発研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of photochemical models for H2O and HOx in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256810520448","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H05815"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H05815"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-15H05815/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"地球電磁気圏擾乱現象の発生機構の解明と予測"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Understanding and prediction of geospace dynamics"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050291768582012032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"High‐Resolution 3‐D Imaging of Daytime Sporadic‐E Over Japan by Using GNSS TEC and Ionosondes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216707178112","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electrodynamics of the formation of ionospheric wave number 4 longitudinal structure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004232245199104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Wave-4 structure of the neutral density in the thermosphere and its relation to atmospheric tides"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011146046574720","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Midlatitude Sporadic E. 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