{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004232135292416.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.038"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X13000046?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X13000046?httpAccept=text/plain"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Extension of continental crust by anelastic deformation during the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake: The role of extensional faulting in the generation of a great tsunami"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"AbstractObservations of seafloor morphologies and environments made before and after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake reveal open fissures, generated during the earthquake, where the fault trace is interpreted on seismic profiles to intersect the seafloor. Anomalously high heat flow was observed at a landward-dipping normal fault in August 2011, five months after the earthquake, but by August 2012 heat flow measured at the same station had decreased to close to the background value, which suggests that the normal fault ruptured during the 2011 earthquake. These seafloor observations and measurements demonstrate deformation that was both extensional and anelastic within the overriding continental plate during the 2011 earthquake. Seismic profiles as well as seafloor bathymetry data in the tsunami source area further demonstrate that landward-dipping normal faults (extensional faults) collapse the continental framework and detach the seaward frontal crust from the landward crust at far landward from the trench. The extensional and anelastic deformation (i.e., normal faulting) observed in both seafloor observations and seismic profiles allows the smooth seaward movement of the continental crust. Seaward extension of the continental crust close to the trench axis in response to normal faulting is a characteristic structure of tsunami source areas, as similar landward-dipping normal faults have been observed at other convergent plate margins where tsunamigenic earthquakes have occurred. We propose that the existence of a normal fault that moves the continental crust close to the trench can be considered one indicator of a source area for a huge tsunami."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420845751141930368","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"60455491"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000060455491"},{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"50284568"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000050284568"},{"@type":"ORCID","@value":"0000-0003-0951-4596"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000004626459"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018751344"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412401851"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405858316"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257719655"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000367830226"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002009398"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000005924968"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411038504"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000368920258"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242741325"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000310320835"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000381063555"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001471781"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412401929"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412401903"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363174311"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406302384"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000303996696"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412590819"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000107313522"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412401891"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414553161"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000279889810"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000408668753"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000386338033"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023579065"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000243887455"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401695505"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405616178"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409514328"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000318155157"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415433012"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023595015"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023579017"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257903040"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258149268"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257986267"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242138576"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000341533906"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412401880"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237782800"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000325832229"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000356479491"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405707211"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000256021504"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000025107360"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000279889691"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000288836258"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412546652"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000356479526"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257902067"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000388993426"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023582145"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017396041"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242120206"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398155721"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415201544"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023595082"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412401859"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000326666244"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000375922039"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000022846938"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412401875"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412401885"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000286288171"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000351082952"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414389630"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415433007"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000256898219"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412525355"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000279889168"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405858311"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000243905926"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415155242"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0189131"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/takeshitsuji"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takeshi 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Ito"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004232135292423","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tetsuro Tsuru"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004232135292419","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Masataka Kinoshita"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"0012821X"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2013-02","prism:volume":"364","prism:startingPage":"44","prism:endingPage":"58"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X13000046?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X13000046?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2013-02-07","modifiedAt":"2018-10-18","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=normal%20fault","dc:title":"normal fault"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geophysics","dc:title":"Geophysics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=seafloor%20observations","dc:title":"seafloor observations"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Space%20and%20Planetary%20Science","dc:title":"Space and Planetary Science"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geochemistry%20and%20Petrology","dc:title":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=anelastic%20deformation","dc:title":"anelastic deformation"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=2011%20Tohoku-oki%20earthquake","dc:title":"2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Earth%20and%20Planetary%20Sciences%20(miscellaneous)","dc:title":"Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=tsunami%20mechanisms","dc:title":"tsunami mechanisms"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=heat%20flow","dc:title":"heat flow"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257006915328","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"20244070"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP20244070"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20244070/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"海底測地・地震観測に基づくマルチスケールゆっくり地震の検出"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Multi-scale types of slow earthquakes based on ocean-bottom geodetic and seismological observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257039322624","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21107003"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21107003"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-21107003/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"高精度変動地形・地質調査による巨大地震断層の活動履歴の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"High precision topographical/geological surveys for elucidating the activity history of seismogenic faults"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257039370752","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21107006"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21107006"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-21107006/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"孔内実験・計測による地震準備過程の状態・物性の現場把握"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Downhole experiments for in situ state and property assessment of seismogenic processes"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050566774865076224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stable Forearc Stressed by a Weak Megathrust: Mechanical and Geodynamic Implications of Stress Changes Caused by the M = 9 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760675301632","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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Sea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142937783424","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Accretionary prisms in subduction earthquake cycles: The theory of dynamic Coulomb wedge"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142939789696","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hydrogeology and Mechanics of Subduction Zone Forearcs: Fluid Flow and Pore Pressure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144935424512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Splay fault slip in a subduction margin, a new model of evolution"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360016870443278592","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Abrupt water temperature increases near seafloor during the 2011 Tohoku 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