{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233285672832.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2009gl041501"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2009GL041501"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2009GL041501"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"On the source of the polar wind in the polar topside ionosphere: First results from the EISCAT Svalbard radar"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>We present quantitative radar observations of both hydrogen ion (H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>) and oxygen ion (O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>) upflow in the topside polar ionosphere using measurements that were recently carried out with the EISCAT Svalbard Radar and the Reimei satellite. H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> upflow was clearly observed equatorward of the cusp above 500 km altitude. Within the cusp the H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> density was very low, and the upflow was dominated by O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ions, but on closed field lines the H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> became the larger contributor to the upward flux above about 550 km. The total flux seemed to be conserved, and so below 550 km altitude O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> (with a small upward velocity of ∼50 m s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) appeared to determine the upward flux which was then maintained by H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> in the topside ionosphere. We also found that the H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> density in the topside polar ionosphere was several times higher than current predictions of ionospheric models like IRI2001.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672704","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Ogawa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Polar Research  Tachikawa Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672832","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"I. Häggström"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"EISCAT Scientific Association  Kiruna Sweden"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672712","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. C. Buchert"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Swedish Institute of Space Phyics  Uppsala Sweden"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672582","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Oksavik"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Arctic Geophyisic UNIS  Longyearbyen Norway"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672583","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Nozawa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672717","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Hirahara"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics Rikkyo University  Tokyo Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672836","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. P. van Eyken"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"EISCAT Scientific Association  Longyearbyen Norway"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672709","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Aso"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Polar Research  Tokyo Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233285672711","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Fujii"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Laboratory Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00948276"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19448007"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysical Research Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2009-12","prism:volume":"36","prism:number":"24","prism:startingPage":"L24103"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2009GL041501"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2009GL041501"}],"createdAt":"2009-12-29","modifiedAt":"2023-10-30","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782094780800","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21740355"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21740355"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21740355/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"極域大気流出と電離圏電子輸送との因果関係の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Study on relationship between ion outflow and thermal electron transportation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782449145728","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"18403010"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP18403010"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18403010/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"EISCATレーダーを主に用いた磁気圏・電離圏・熱圏・中間圏結合の総合的研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Comprehensive research on magnetosphere -ionosphere-thermosphere-mesosphere coupling process using the EISCAT radars and other instruments"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001202772177792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Coordinated EISCAT Svalbard radar and Reimei satellite observations of ion upflows and suprathermal ions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004229801959296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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