{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233288500224.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2011ja016631"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2011JA016631"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://www.agu.org/journals/ja/ja1108/2011JA016631/2011JA016631.pdf"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Solar zenith angle dependence of plasma density and temperature in the polar cap ionosphere and low-altitude magnetosphere during geomagnetically quiet periods at solar maximum"}],"dcterms:alternative":[{"@value":"PLASMA DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"[1] We constructed an empirical model of the electron density profile with solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence in the polar cap during geomagnetically quiet periods using 63 months of Akebono satellite observations at solar maximum. The electron density profile exhibits a transition at ∼2000 km altitude only under dark conditions. The electron density and scale height at low altitudes change drastically, by factors of 25 (at 2300 km altitude) and 2.0, respectively, as the SZA increases from 90° to 120°. The SZA dependence of the ion and electron temperatures is also investigated statistically on the basis of data obtained by the Intercosmos satellites and European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard radar (ESR). A drastic change in the electron temperature occurs near the terminator, similarly to that in the electron density profile obtained by the Akebono satellite. The sum of the ion and electron temperatures obtained by the ESR (∼6500 K at ∼1050 km altitude under sunlit conditions and ∼3000 K at ∼750 km altitude under dark conditions) agrees well with the scale height at low altitudes obtained from the Akebono observations, assuming that the temperature is constant and that O+ ions are dominant. Comparisons between the present statistical results (SZA dependence of the electron density and ion and electron temperatures) and modeling studies of the polar wind indicate that the plasma density profile (especially of the O+ ion density) in the polar cap is strongly controlled by solar radiation onto the ionosphere by changing ion and electron temperatures in the ionosphere during geomagnetically quiet periods."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500484","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Kitamura"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geophysics; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500097","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Ogawa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Polar Research; Tachikawa Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500101","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Nishimura"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500099","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Terada"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geophysics; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500480","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Ono"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geophysics; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500238","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Shinbori"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere; Kyoto University; Uji Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500491","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Kumamoto"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500370","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"V. Truhlik"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics; Prague Czech Republic"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233288500493","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Smilauer"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics; Prague Czech Republic"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-08","prism:volume":"116","prism:number":"A8","prism:startingPage":"n/a","prism:endingPage":"n/a"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2011JA016631"},{"@id":"http://www.agu.org/journals/ja/ja1108/2011JA016631/2011JA016631.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2011-08-26","modifiedAt":"2021-07-20","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782094784896","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21740356"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21740356"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21740356/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"巨大計算に向けた低数値誤差蓄積シミュレーションコードの開発"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of high-accuracy codes for a large-scale magnetospheric"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257159191168","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"23740369"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP23740369"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23740369/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"磁気嵐時におけるグローバル地磁気変動と電離圏擾乱ダイナモに関する研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Storm-time global geomagnetic field variation and ionospheric disturbance dynamo"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257463897216","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"10J01671"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP10J01671"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10J01671/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"極域電離圏―磁気圏結合系におけるプラズマ密度構造と磁気嵐に伴う変動"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233285672832","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the source of the polar wind in the polar topside ionosphere: First results from the EISCAT Svalbard radar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142936208000","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Achieving zero current for polar wind outflow on open flux tubes subjected to large photoelectron fluxes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144141415808","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The cleft ion fountain"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144155769344","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Behavior of ionized plasma in the high latitude topside ionosphere: The polar wind"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145366956800","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electron density distribution over the northern polar region deduced from IMAGE/radio plasma imager sounding"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145529185408","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Generalized kinetic description of a plasma in an arbitrary field‐aligned potential energy structure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011146016177792","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A <i>Kp</i>‐based model of auroral boundaries"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708263618432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Observations of very‐low‐energy (<10 eV) ion outflows dominated by O<sup>+</sup> ions in the region of enhanced electron density in the polar cap magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708265409024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Photoelectron flows in the polar wind during geomagnetically quiet periods"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292617908722944","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Self‐consistent simulation of the photoelectron‐driven polar wind from 120 km to 9 <i>R</i><sub><i>E</i></sub> altitude"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619859512832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Measurements of the ambient photoelectron spectrum from atmosphere explorer: I. 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