{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233289962880.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2012gl052316"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2012GL052316"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2012GL052316"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Coal maturation by frictional heat during rapid fault slip"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>The detection of frictional heating effects along faults provides key insight into the dynamics of earthquakes and faulting. Thermal maturity of organic matter has been considered a possible fault‐thermometer that records the frictional heat signature of ancient earthquakes. However, whether or not organic matter can mature on the order of seconds, typical earthquake rise time, remains uncertain. Here we present the results of experiments aimed at revealing coal maturation by frictional heat generated at slip velocities representative of natural earthquakes of up to 1.3 m/s. Our results show that coal can mature coseismically in ∼11 seconds at temperatures induced by frictional heat ranging from 26 to 266°C. Even with a temperature rise to only 28.7°C over 15 m displacement in ∼3.2 hours, coal can slightly mature within a shear localized zone. The commonly used kinetic model of vitrinite maturation cannot predict the experimental results. A kinetic model involving the effect of flash temperature at grain contacts and mechanochemical effects on reaction kinetics is necessary to better estimate heat generation along a fault.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233289963009","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Manami Kitamura"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233289963010","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hideki Mukoyoshi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233289963015","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Patrick M. Fulton"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233289963136","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takehiro Hirose"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00948276"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19448007"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geophysical Research Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2012-08-16","prism:volume":"39","prism:number":"16","prism:startingPage":"L16302"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2012GL052316"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2012GL052316"}],"createdAt":"2012-07-24","modifiedAt":"2023-10-30","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782062633344","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21107004"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21107004"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-21107004/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"巨大地震断層の力学的・水理学的特性の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Mechanical and hydrological properties of mega-earthquake thrusts"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782134141568","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22740334"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22740334"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22740334/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"地震断層運動にともなう水素発生と地下生命圏のリンケージ"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Hydrogen generation by earthquake faulting and its implication for sub-surface biosphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782149610112","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"23340151"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP23340151"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23340151/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"高速域における断層強度の変位速度依存性および温度依存性の物質科学的解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Materials-science aspects on the velocity and temperature dependence of fault strength at high slip velocities"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001202560387968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Detection of increased heating and estimation of coseismic shear stress from Raman spectra of carbonaceous material in pseudotachylytes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050866514666885120","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigation of the records of earthquake slip in carbonaceous materials from the Taiwan Chelungpu fault by means of infrared and Raman spectroscopies"},{"@value":"Investigation of the records of earthquake slip in carbonaceous materials from the <scp>T</scp>aiwan <scp>C</scp>helungpu fault by means of infrared and <scp>R</scp>aman 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