{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233293013248.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2018wr023903"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2018WR023903"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018WR023903"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2018WR023903"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1029/2018WR023903"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018WR023903"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"HANDLE","@value":"1983/1edbe2d1-0d34-4517-b467-2e486f6b66be"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"HANDLE","@value":"11714/6228"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Hillslope Hydrology in Global Change Research and Earth System Modeling"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Earth System Models (ESMs) are essential tools for understanding and predicting global change, but they cannot explicitly resolve hillslope‐scale terrain structures that fundamentally organize water, energy, and biogeochemical stores and fluxes at subgrid scales. Here we bring together hydrologists, Critical Zone scientists, and ESM developers, to explore how hillslope structures may modulate ESM grid‐level water, energy, and biogeochemical fluxes. In contrast to the one‐dimensional (1‐D), 2‐ to 3‐m deep, and free‐draining soil hydrology in most ESM land models, we hypothesize that 3‐D, lateral ridge‐to‐valley flow through shallow and deep paths and insolation contrasts between sunny and shady slopes are the top two globally quantifiable organizers of water and energy (and vegetation) within an ESM grid cell. We hypothesize that these two processes are likely to impact ESM predictions where (and when) water and/or energy are limiting. We further hypothesize that, if implemented in ESM land models, these processes will increase simulated continental water storage and residence time, buffering terrestrial ecosystems against seasonal and interannual droughts. We explore efficient ways to capture these mechanisms in ESMs and identify critical knowledge gaps preventing us from scaling up hillslope to global processes. One such gap is our extremely limited knowledge of the subsurface, where water is stored (supporting vegetation) and released to stream baseflow (supporting aquatic ecosystems). We conclude with a set of organizing hypotheses and a call for global syntheses activities and model experiments to assess the impact of hillslope hydrology on global change predictions.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013124","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Fan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences State University of New Jersey Rutgers  New Brunswick NJ USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012608","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Clark"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012993","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. M. Lawrence"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012864","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Swenson"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012609","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"L. E. Band"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia  Charlottesville VA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013120","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. L. Brantley"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Department of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013504","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. D. Brooks"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Utah  Salt Lake City UT USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013121","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"W. E. Dietrich"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science University of California  Berkeley CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013125","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Flores"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geosciences Boise State University  Boise ID USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012610","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. Grant"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University  Corvallis OR USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012611","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. W. Kirchner"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich  Zürich Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013505","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. S. Mackay"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geography The State University of New York at Buffalo  Buffalo NY USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013634","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. J. McDonnell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Environment and Sustainability University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013888","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. C. D. Milly"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"U.S. Geological Survey  Princeton NJ USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013762","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. L. Sullivan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geography and Atmospheric Science University of Kansas  Lawrence KS USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012996","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Tague"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Bren School of Environmental Science & Management University of California  Santa Barbara CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012738","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Ajami"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Environmental Sciences University of California  Riverside CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012741","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Chaney"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University  Durham NC USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293014016","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Hartmann"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department Earth and Environmental Sciences Universities of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"},{"@value":"Department of Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013767","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. Hazenberg"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geosciences University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013126","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. McNamara"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geosciences Boise State University  Boise ID USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013764","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Pelletier"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012740","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Perket"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Center for Atmospheric Research  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013122","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"E. Rouholahnejad‐Freund"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Civil Engineering University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013763","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Wagener"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012736","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"X. Zeng"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson AZ USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013635","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"E. Beighley"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University  Boston MA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012865","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Buzan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette IN USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012612","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Huang"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory  Richland WA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013632","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. Livneh"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012739","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. P. Mohanty"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M University  College Station TX USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293012995","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. Nijssen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293014144","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Safeeq"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"School of Engineering University of California, Merced  Fresno CA USA"},{"@value":"USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station  Fresno CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013765","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. Shen"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380298337437770624","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"W. van Verseveld"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Catchment and Urban Hydrology Deltares  Delft The Netherlands"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013376","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Volk"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering University of Nevada, Reno  Reno NV USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004233293013760","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. Yamazaki"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00431397"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"19447973"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Water Resources Research"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2019-02","prism:volume":"55","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"1737","prism:endingPage":"1772"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2018WR023903"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018WR023903"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2018WR023903"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1029/2018WR023903"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018WR023903"}],"createdAt":"2019-02-27","modifiedAt":"2025-09-17","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=550","dc:title":"550"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=vegetation%20distribution","dc:title":"vegetation distribution"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Plant%20Sciences","dc:title":"Plant Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Life%20Sciences","dc:title":"Life Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=surface%20water-groundwater%20interaction","dc:title":"surface water-groundwater interaction"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/water_and_environmental_engineering;%20name%3DWater%20and%20Environmental%20Engineering","dc:title":"/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/water_and_environmental_engineering; name=Water and Environmental Engineering"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=551","dc:title":"551"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Forest%20Management","dc:title":"Forest Management"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Critical%20Zone","dc:title":"Critical Zone"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=hillslope%20hydrology","dc:title":"hillslope hydrology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Other%20Forestry%20and%20Forest%20Sciences","dc:title":"Other Forestry and Forest Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Earth%20System%20Model","dc:title":"Earth System Model"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=global%20water","dc:title":"global water"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Forest%20Biology","dc:title":"Forest Biology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=global%20water,%20energy,%20carbon%20cycles","dc:title":"global water, energy, carbon cycles"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Forest%20Sciences","dc:title":"Forest Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=carbon%20cycles","dc:title":"carbon cycles"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=energy","dc:title":"energy"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257470358528","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16H06291"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16H06291"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16H06291/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"グローバル水文学の新展開"},{"@language":"en","@value":"New frontiers in global hydrology"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050585407782333952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Parameter regionalization of large-scale distributed rainfall-runoff models using a conditional probability method"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360001113995329920","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The future of hydrology: An evolving science for a changing world"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143651677440","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Soils and Forest Growth on Different Aspects in the Tanana Watershed of Interior Alaska"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143807883648","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Seasonal water uptake and movement in root systems of Australian phraeatophytic plants of dimorphic root morphology: a stable isotope investigation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143822106496","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Representing the effects of subgrid variability of soil moisture on runoff generation in a land surface model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144241618304","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Rock to regolith conversion: Producing hospitable substrates for terrestrial ecosystems"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144286102912","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hillslope Topography Mediates Spatial Patterns of Ecosystem Sensitivity to Climate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144486730624","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Vegetation Patterns on a Southern Appalachian Watershed"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144848969984","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Soil water availability and rooting depth as determinants of hydraulic architecture of Patagonian woody species"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144974105600","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Closed‐form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145120434432","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"OZCAR: The French Network of Critical Zone Observatories"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145363479040","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The role of groundwater in the Amazon water cycle: 2. 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