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In the last two decades, advances in genome analysis led to the identification of a considerable number of cpDNA sequences from various species. While these data provided the consensus features of cpDNA organization and chloroplast evolution in plants, how cpDNA is maintained through development and is inherited remains to be fully understood. In particular, the fact that cpDNA exists as multiple copies despite its limited genetic capacity raises the important question of how copy number is maintained or whether cpDNA is subjected to quantitative fluctuation or even developmental degradation. For example, cpDNA is abundant in leaves, where it forms punctate structures called nucleoids, which seemingly alter their morphologies and numbers depending on the developmental status of the chloroplast. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of 'cpDNA dynamics', focusing on the changes in DNA abundance. A special focus is given to the cpDNA degradation mechanism, which appears to be mediated by Defective in Pollen organelle DNA degradation 1 (DPD1), a recently discovered organelle exonuclease. The physiological significance of cpDNA degradation in flowering plants is also discussed."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420282801183606144","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"20222002"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000020222002"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002021563"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391942172"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001471177"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402604357"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391943878"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391945512"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391948898"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021475371"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411277854"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391956017"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391931276"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409788073"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000517267"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391957906"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391924886"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018661042"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018277986"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018276863"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391973910"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391948630"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391948406"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391943881"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391934372"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391949054"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391939446"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391926933"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391931718"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391922707"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391920250"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406055417"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391956046"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391957744"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391949146"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391920565"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018184680"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402126148"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391918300"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000007169897"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391958003"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391946029"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414941999"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391926935"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000203081"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000019066946"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391955444"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391972263"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391926905"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000518878"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000465088"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000013862948"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018278307"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000007051693"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391951715"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391934664"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017331247"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391960235"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391938615"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391948637"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391939450"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414243867"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000390431285"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391923853"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391918728"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000364977079"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000364973772"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0043054"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Wataru Sakamoto"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004234740901637","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tsuneaki Takami"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00320781"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14719053"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Plant and Cell Physiology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Oxford University Press (OUP)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-04-20","prism:volume":"59","prism:number":"6","prism:startingPage":"1120","prism:endingPage":"1127"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/about_us/legal/notices"],"url":[{"@id":"http://academic.oup.com/pcp/article-pdf/59/6/1120/24978773/pcy084.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2018-04-19","modifiedAt":"2019-10-16","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Exonucleases","dc:title":"Exonucleases"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Chloroplasts","dc:title":"Chloroplasts"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=DNA%20Copy%20Number%20Variations","dc:title":"DNA Copy Number Variations"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=DNA,%20Chloroplast","dc:title":"DNA, Chloroplast"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Plants","dc:title":"Plants"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Plant%20Leaves","dc:title":"Plant Leaves"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Pollen","dc:title":"Pollen"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Photosynthesis","dc:title":"Photosynthesis"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Plant%20Proteins","dc:title":"Plant Proteins"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256879761024","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16H06554"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16H06554"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-16H06554/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"プロトン駆動力による電子伝達のフィードバック制御"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Feedback regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer by promo motive 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Inheritance in 295 Angiosperm Species"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993599273728","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Molecular Mechanisms of Phosphorus Metabolism and Transport during Leaf Senescence"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993818994688","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Circular Chloroplast Chromosomes: The Grand Illusion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994736778240","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Retrograde signaling: Organelles go networking"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995515784064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The selective increase or decrease of organellar DNA in generative cells just after pollen mitosis one controls cytoplasmic 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