{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004235448649728.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1111/1442-1984.12078"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1442-1984.12078"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1442-1984.12078"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Flowering phenology and mating success of the heterodichogamous tree\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Machilus thunbergii</i>\n                      S\n                    </scp>\n                    ieb. et\n                    <scp>Z</scp>\n                    ucc (\n                    <scp>L</scp>\n                    auraceae)"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Heterodichogamy is defined as the presence of two flower morphs that exhibit male and female functions at different times among individuals within a population, and is regarded as an adaptation to promote outbreeding through enhanced intermorph pollination. In highly fragmented populations in which the morph frequency is biased, heterodichogamy may hamper population growth by reducing seed sets of the more numerous morph, and enhancing seed sets of the less numerous morph. In such situations, we hypothesize that individual plants experience greater seed sets if the opposite sexual morphs are nearby, and that individuals of a less numerous sexual morph have greater seed sets. After confirming heterodichogamy by observing flowering behavior and phenology, we tested these two hypotheses in a highly fragmented population of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Machilus thunbergii</jats:italic>\n                    </jats:styled-content>\n                    , a putative heterodichogamous evergreen laurel tree. Our observations confirmed that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>M. thunbergii</jats:italic>\n                    </jats:styled-content>\n                    is heterodichogamous, consisting of two types of protogynous and bisexual flowers: a morning female (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF</jats:styled-content>\n                    )–afternoon male morph and a morning male (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM</jats:styled-content>\n                    )–afternoon female morph at the individual level. Sexual expression of the two morphs was highly synchronized and reciprocal. Investigation of seed‐set rates revealed greater rates of both morphs if the opposite morph was nearby. The less numerous sexual morph (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF</jats:styled-content>\n                    ) showed a greater seed‐set rate than the more numerous sexual morph (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM</jats:styled-content>\n                    ).\n                  </jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326216578560","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"00782335"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000000782335"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411379601"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406362406"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258490801"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000270283119"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409480738"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000396178518"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/sh.wtanabe"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shuntaro Watanabe"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Environmental Science Graduate School The University of Shiga prefecture  2500 Hassaka–cho Hikone–City Shiga 522–8533 Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004235448649741","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Naohiko Noma"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Environmental Science Graduate School The University of Shiga prefecture  2500 Hassaka–cho Hikone–City Shiga 522–8533 Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004235448649990","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takayoshi Nishida"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Environmental Science Graduate School The University of Shiga prefecture  2500 Hassaka–cho Hikone–City Shiga 522–8533 Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"0913557X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14421984"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Plant Species Biology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2015-01-08","prism:volume":"31","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"29","prism:endingPage":"37"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2F1442-1984.12078"},{"@id":"https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1442-1984.12078"}],"createdAt":"2015-01-08","modifiedAt":"2025-11-04","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781897635328","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16H03321"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16H03321"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16H03321/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"焼畑の在来知を活かした日本の食・森・地域の再生：地域特性に応じた生業モデルの構築"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Revitalization of Japanese agriculture, forests, and regions by utilizing the traditional knowledge of swidden cultivation: Building a livelihood model according to regional characteristics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257124169216","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"23310179"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP23310179"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23310179/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"焼畑の技術と知恵を活かした日本の森づくりに資する実践的地域研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Practice-oriented Area Studies toward restoration of degraded Japanese forests by utilizing traditional skills and knowledge inherited from swidden cultivation"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144862067072","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"DISASSORTATIVE MATING, SEXUAL SPECIALIZATION, AND THE EVOLUTION OF GENDER DIMORPHISM IN HETERODICHOGAMOUS<i>ACER 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Dichogamy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519740399616","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Population Sex Ratios and Spatial Distribution of Ocotea Tenera (Lauraceae) Trees in a Tropical Forest"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471437574144","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Flowering Phenology and Wind-pollination Efficacy of Heterodichogamous Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943595926144","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evolution of Plant Breeding Systems"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943894874240","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The evolution of plant sexual 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Lauraceae"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843712050688","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"HETERODICHOGAMY IN WALNUTS: INHERITANCE AND STABLE RATIOS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388845248991744","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Spatial distribution, fruit production and seed removal of a rare, dioecious canopy tree species (<i>Aglaia</i> aff. <i>flavida</i> Merr. et Perr.) in Papua New Guinea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318198989824","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Pollination success in a population of dioecious rain forest trees"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794922268672","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of population density, sex morph, and tree size on reproduction in a heterodichogamous maple,\n                    <i>Acer mono</i>\n                    , in a temperate forest of Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951796147366400","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Frequency–dependent variation in reproductive success in\n            <i>Narcissus</i>\n            : implications for the maintenance of stigma–height dimorphism"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951796220763520","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the <i>Persea</i> group (Lauraceae) and its biogeographic implications on the evolution of tropical and subtropical Amphi‐Pacific disjunctions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269821801472","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Flowering system of heterodichogamous\n                    <i>Juglans ailanthifolia</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004235448649604","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The flower behavior of avocados"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004235448649734","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Synecological study on Persea thunbergii type forest. 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