{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004236558139648.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/jas-d-14-0172.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0172.1"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"A Divergence-Form Wave-Induced Pressure Inherent in the Extension of the Eliassen–Palm Theory to a Three-Dimensional Framework for All Waves at All Latitudes"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Classical theory concerning the Eliassen–Palm relation is extended in this study to allow for a unified treatment of midlatitude inertia–gravity waves (MIGWs), midlatitude Rossby waves (MRWs), and equatorial waves (EQWs). A conservation equation for what the authors call the impulse-bolus (IB) pseudomomentum is useful, because it is applicable to ageostrophic waves, and the associated three-dimensional flux is parallel to the direction of the group velocity of MRWs. The equation has previously been derived in an isentropic coordinate system or a shallow-water model. The authors make an explicit comparison of prognostic equations for the IB pseudomomentum vector and the classical energy-based (CE) pseudomomentum vector, assuming inviscid linear waves in a sufficiently weak mean flow, to provide a basis for the former quantity to be used in an Eulerian time-mean (EM) framework. The authors investigate what makes the three-dimensional fluxes in the IB and CE pseudomomentum equations look in different directions. It is found that the two fluxes are linked by a gauge transformation, previously unmentioned, associated with a divergence-form wave-induced pressure [Formula: see text]. The quantity [Formula: see text] vanishes for MIGWs and becomes nonzero for MRWs and EQWs, and it may be estimated using the virial theorem. Concerning the effect of waves on the mean flow, [Formula: see text] represents an additional effect in the pressure gradient term of both (the three-dimensional versions of) the transformed EM momentum equations and the merged form of the EM momentum equations, the latter of which is associated with the nonacceleration theorem.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276176085504","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"60358752"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000060358752"},{"@type":"ORCID","@value":"0000-0002-0604-9900"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405890223"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000356661310"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409204620"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411370480"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399258853"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000390404124"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405671320"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410462306"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406307486"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000356661425"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403972162"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000378103458"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283784024"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000001627401"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414810823"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406327831"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412584159"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018330917"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/aikihidenori"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hidenori Aiki"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326211611520","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"60392966"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000060392966"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403975868"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413546619"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257767605"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363503946"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000397714659"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411964069"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404317429"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/takayak"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Koutarou Takaya"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004236558139649","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Richard J. Greatbatch"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00224928"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200469"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2015-07","prism:volume":"72","prism:number":"7","prism:startingPage":"2822","prism:endingPage":"2849"},"reviewed":"false","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0172.1"}],"createdAt":"2015-02-24","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Atmospheric%20Science","dc:title":"Atmospheric 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