{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004236558802944.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1175/jcli-d-15-0480.1"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/29/9/3317/4767157/jcli-d-15-0480_1.pdf"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Reproducibility of Summer Precipitation over Northern Eurasia in CMIP5 Multiclimate Models"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Reproducibility of summer precipitation over northern Eurasia in climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is evaluated in comparison with several observational and reanalysis datasets. All CMIP5 models under- and overestimate precipitation over western and eastern Eurasia, respectively, and the reproducibility measured using the Taylor skill score is largely determined by the severity of these west–east precipitation biases. The following are the two possible causes for the precipitation biases: very little cloud cover and very strong local evaporation–precipitation coupling. The models underestimate cloud cover over Eurasia, allowing too much sunshine and leading to a warm bias at the surface. The associated cyclonic circulation biases in the lower troposphere weaken the modeled moisture transport from the Atlantic to western Eurasia and enhance the northward moisture flux along the eastern coast. Once the dry west and wet east biases appear in the models, they become amplified because of stronger evaporation–precipitation coupling. The CMIP5 models reproduce precipitation events well over a time scale of several days, including the associated low pressure systems and local convection. However, the modeled precipitation events are relatively weaker over western Eurasia and stronger over eastern Eurasia compared to the observations, and these are consistent with the biases found in the seasonal average fields.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004236558797196","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Nagio Hirota"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Polar Research, and Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004236558802950","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yukari N. Takayabu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004236558797322","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Atsushi Hamada"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"08948755"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15200442"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Climate"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Meteorological Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-04-21","prism:volume":"29","prism:number":"9","prism:startingPage":"3317","prism:endingPage":"3337"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","url":[{"@id":"http://journals.ametsoc.org/jcli/article-pdf/29/9/3317/4767157/jcli-d-15-0480_1.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2016-02-19","modifiedAt":"2020-12-07","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256801968256","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H02132"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H02132"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15H02132/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"Atmospheric Riverを介した中緯度熱帯結合と日本域豪雨に関する研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"A study on the torrential rainfall over the Japan region through Atmospheric River connecting tropics and midlatitudes"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142930425088","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Precipitation Characteristics in Eighteen Coupled Climate Models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142935378432","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142940587136","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145339914240","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Role of Convective Entrainment in Spatial Distributions of and Temporal Variations in Precipitation over Tropical Oceans"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360282589150792192","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Simulation and Projection of Arctic Freshwater Budget Components by the IPCC AR4 Global Climate Models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285706197078016","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Relative contribution of feedback processes to Arctic amplification of temperature change in MIROC GCM"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618844171008","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge‐corrected, global precipitation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619871709312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Warm Season Rainfall Variability over the U.S. Great Plains in Observations, NCEP and ERA-40 Reanalyses, and NCAR and NASA Atmospheric Model Simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292620312712960","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Northern High-Latitude Precipitation as Depicted by Atmospheric Reanalyses and Satellite Retrievals"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565168765542656","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the Correspondence between Mean Forecast Errors and Climate Errors in CMIP5 Models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094765752064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Role of storm track activity in the interannual seesaw of summer precipitation over northern Eurasia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580232376337280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dominant spatial patterns of interannual variability in summer precipitation across northern Eurasia from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584339749277952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Impacts of global warming on summer precipitation trend over northeastern Eurasia during 1990–2010 using large‐ensemble experiments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855567862477568","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The ERA‐40 re‐analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855567864177536","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855570878686720","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Surface Irradiances Consistent with CERES-Derived Top-of-Atmosphere Shortwave and Longwave Irradiances"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137043942311296","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Estimation of the Terrestrial Water Budget over Northern Eurasia through the Use of Multiple Data Sources"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044496967552","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Weather patterns and hydro-climatological precursors of extreme floods in Switzerland since 1868"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045159207680","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Moisture Transports from Ocean to Land and Global Energy Flows in Reanalyses"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520219758336","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Precipitation characteristics of the Eurasian Arctic drainage system"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993654428160","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Soil Moisture Analyses at ECMWF: Evaluation Using Global Ground-Based In Situ Observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994089000704","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994272140288","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Changing Character of Precipitation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471152545536","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Precipitation Seesaw Mode between Northeast Asia and Siberia in Summer Caused by Rossby Waves over the Eurasian Continent"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471428032896","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A statistical downscaling to identify the large‐scale circulation patterns associated with heavy precipitation events over southern France"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419897234816","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Bias corrections of long‐term (1973–2004) daily precipitation data over the northern regions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420797733760","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Cyclone activity associated with the interannual seesaw oscillation of summer precipitation over northern Eurasia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420810884224","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"APHRODITE: Constructing a Long-Term Daily Gridded Precipitation Dataset for Asia Based on a Dense Network of Rain Gauges"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893477239808","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Atmospheric circulation dynamics linked with prominent discharge events in Central Europe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843404445184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Response of the Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation to Global Warming in a High-Resolution Global Nonhydrostatic Model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319587891456","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hemispheric and large‐scale land‐surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2010"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319618265472","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Spatiotemporal structures of the intraseasonal oscillations of precipitation over northern Eurasia during summer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670321268272256","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"How Well Do Coupled Models Simulate Today's Climate?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793801483136","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Seasonal cyclone variability at 70°N and its impact on moisture transport into the Arctic"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794418489856","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Origin and recycling processes of precipitating water over the Eurasian continent: Experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794455921664","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794504440192","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Atmospheric moisture budget in the Arctic based on the ERA‐40 reanalysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951795401290496","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Comparison of Land–Precipitation Coupling Strength Using Observations and Models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233268984046720","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the Arctic circulation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233270938647936","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Seasonal and interannual variations of Amur River discharge and their relationships to large‐scale atmospheric patterns and moisture fluxes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004236557657099","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979–present)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004236558797187","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sea-ice albedo climate feedback mechanism"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004236558797189","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Arctic contribution to upper-ocean variability in the North Atlantic"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004236558797323","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Arctic frontal zone as seen in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004236558802946","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The effects of orography on midlatitude Northern Hemisphere dry climates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004236558802952","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370004236558802958","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) combined precipitation dataset"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206502063616","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Effects of Large-Scale Mountains on Surface Climate. A Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model Study."},{"@value":"Effects of large-scale mountains on surface climate—A coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681479875968","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The JRA-25 Reanalysis"},{"@value":"Special edition on the JRA-25 reanalysis"},{"@value":"The JRA-25"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681482119296","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics"},{"@value":"Relationship between the CI-number and central pressure and maximum wind speed in typhoons"},{"@value":"The JRA‐55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics"},{"@value":"Projected changes in precipitation characteristics around Japan under the global warming (in Japanese)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417121641728","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Development of Integrated Land Simulator"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/jcli-d-15-0480.1"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-21573479"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-20710876"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::4a6d93548378d19a66fd2ea662d93a0c"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-020-00383-7_references_DOI_DkZ6Ddr305uHRMXzSTpvF3wrmXT"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/joc.7526_references_DOI_DkZ6Ddr305uHRMXzSTpvF3wrmXT"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/joc.7798_references_DOI_O38Le9M1OPGHnthZAete8dPpNPm"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/jcli-d-19-0824.1_references_DOI_DkZ6Ddr305uHRMXzSTpvF3wrmXT"}]}