{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004236854919680.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1186/s40677-016-0043-z"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40677-016-0043-z.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40677-016-0043-z/fulltext.html"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40677-016-0043-z"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Critical hydraulic gradients for seepage-induced failure of landslide dams"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Landslide dams formed by rock avalanche processes usually fail by seepage erosion. This has been related to the complex sedimentological characteristics of rock avalanche dams which are mostly dominated by fragmented and pulverized materials. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental programme which evaluates the critical hydraulic and geometrical conditions for seepage-induced failure of landslide dams. The experiments were conducted in a flume tank specifically designed to monitor time-dependent transient changes in pore-water pressures within the unsaturated dam materials under steady-state seepage. Dam models of different geometries were built with either mixed or homogeneous materials. Two critical hydraulic gradients corresponding to the onset of seepage erosion initiation and collapse of the dam crest were determined for different upstream inflow rates, antecedent moisture contents, compactive efforts, grain size ranges, and dam geometries. Two major types of dam failure were identified: Type I and Type II. These were further subdivided into minor failure processes which include exfiltration, sapping, downstream toe bifurcation, and undermining of the downstream face. The critical hydraulic gradients for seepage erosion initiation varied from 0.042 to 0.147. Experiments conducted with the mixed materials indicate that the critical hydraulic gradients for collapse of the dam crest increased with an increase in uniformity coefficient. The deformation behaviour of the dams was significantly influenced by particle density, pore geometry, hydraulic conductivity, and the amount of gravel and pebbles present in the materials. The results indicate that the critical seepage velocity for failure of the dams decreased with an increase in downstream slope angle, but increased with an increase in pore geometry, dam height, dam crest width, upstream inflow rate, and antecedent moisture content."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004236854919303","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Austin Chukwueloka-Udechukwu Okeke"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276181593216","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"10324097"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000010324097"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000016701512"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000007021616"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415082637"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257957917"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283417978"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241816425"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000007021764"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000004148694"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023300432"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014589936"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0065788"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Fawu Wang"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21978670"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Geoenvironmental Disasters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-05-18","prism:volume":"3","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"9"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],"url":[{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40677-016-0043-z.pdf"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40677-016-0043-z/fulltext.html"},{"@id":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40677-016-0043-z"}],"createdAt":"2016-05-18","modifiedAt":"2024-06-16","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782192549504","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"24241061"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP24241061"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24241061/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"パイピング現象による土砂ダム決壊前兆現象の抽出および決壊予測法の開発"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Prediction method development and precursory phenomenon extraction of landslide dam failure caused by piping"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282810744063872","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The internal structure of a rockslide dam induced by the 2008 Wenchuan (Mw7.9) earthquake, China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143580898176","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Spatial and temporal progression of internal erosion in cohesionless soil"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144466344064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On slope instability induced by seepage erosion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145261531264","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Formation and Behaviour of Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams; Implications for Engineering Performance and Hazard Management"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145608044800","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"State of The Art on the Likelihood of Internal Erosion of Dams and Levees by Means of Testing"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145608942592","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Experiments on piping in sandy gravels"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618903828480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619415836800","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Piping/Sapping Erosion. 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Hydrology mechanics, and geomorphic implications of erosion by subsurface flow"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893332659968","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Technical and Human Aspects of Historic Rockslide-Dammed Lakes and Landslide Dam Breaches"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893399001856","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Critical appraisal of piping phenomena in earth dams"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894166193152","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Pore‐water pressure effects on the detachment of cohesive streambeds: seepage forces and matric suction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894943577984","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Threshold phenomena in erosion driven by subsurface 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