Time-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging: A Review

DOI Web Site 7 Citations 239 References Open Access
  • Yukio Yamada
    Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofuga-oka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
  • Hiroaki Suzuki
    Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
  • Yutaka Yamashita
    Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan

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<jats:p>This article reviews the past and current statuses of time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) and imaging. Although time-domain technology is not yet widely employed due to its drawbacks of being cumbersome, bulky, and very expensive compared to commercial continuous wave (CW) and frequency-domain (FD) fNIRS systems, TD-NIRS has great advantages over CW and FD systems because time-resolved data measured by TD systems contain the richest information about optical properties inside measured objects. This article focuses on reviewing the theoretical background, advanced theories and methods, instruments, and studies on clinical applications for TD-NIRS including some clinical studies which used TD-NIRS systems. Major events in the development of TD-NIRS and imaging are identified and summarized in chronological tables and figures. Finally, prospects for TD-NIRS in the near future are briefly described.</jats:p>

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