{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004239675620992.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/aaca40"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/862/i=1/a=15/pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/862/i=1/a=15?key=crossref.138dbdd3a11d6fdfb097a1d09eb6ae84"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaca40"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaca40/pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.05186"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"The Great Space Weather Event during 1872 February Recorded in East Asia"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The study of historical great geomagnetic storms is crucial for assessing the possible risks to the technological infrastructure of a modern society, caused by extreme space–weather events. The normal benchmark has been the great geomagnetic storm of 1859 September, the so-called “Carrington Event.” However, there are numerous records of another great geomagnetic storm in 1872 February. This storm, which occurred about 12 years after the Carrington Event, resulted in comparable magnetic disturbances and auroral displays over large areas of the Earth. We have revisited this great geomagnetic storm in terms of the auroral and sunspot records in historical documents from East Asia. In particular, we have surveyed the auroral records from East Asia and estimated the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval to be near 24.°2 invariant latitude, on the basis that the aurora was seen near the zenith at Shanghai (20° magnetic latitude, MLAT). These results confirm that this geomagnetic storm of 1872 February was as extreme as the Carrington Event, at least in terms of the equatorward motion of the auroral oval. Indeed, our results support the interpretation of the simultaneous auroral observations made at Bombay (10° MLAT). The East Asian auroral records have indicated extreme brightness, suggesting unusual precipitation of high-intensity, low-energy electrons during this geomagnetic storm. We have compared the duration of the East Asian auroral displays with magnetic observations in Bombay and found that the auroral displays occurred in the initial phase, main phase, and early recovery phase of the magnetic storm.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675620866","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hisashi Hayakawa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326213719936","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"80342616"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000080342616"},{"@type":"ORCID","@value":"0000-0002-2293-1557"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414093089"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000279889956"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399770571"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399535932"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195916"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400187668"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000254739231"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402481678"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306282"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306307"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415083365"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406032347"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195919"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195928"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000356514818"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000397828344"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195915"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306275"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006128142"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023592009"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000285477709"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242547350"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000387919546"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000010295541"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000394956316"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306271"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000331467481"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405868644"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306259"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003005043"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410485045"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000249538111"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404664680"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413742904"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000259864142"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195931"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306294"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002249321"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023868455"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413694786"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000323844334"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000314389252"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000297476894"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306313"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306297"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023975269"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413501580"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000313628893"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000344802293"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000279889919"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000331448786"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195923"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006566239"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023578997"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000333209113"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000332222013"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398156129"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399010785"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306284"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306287"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000331467378"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399262075"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195921"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195934"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002259964"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000356514765"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415306303"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414093073"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258442298"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000331429461"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414093083"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000335567844"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000337100484"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242547303"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000356514872"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002635483"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023589404"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000331467432"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000400195926"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/ebihara_yusuke"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yusuke Ebihara"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675620994","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David M. Willis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675621126","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kentaro Hattori"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675620864","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alessandra S. Giunta"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675620993","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Matthew N. Wild"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675620736","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Satoshi Hayakawa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326230973312","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"30738290"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000030738290"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018330951"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403794144"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018701583"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402481324"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/shin_toriumi"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shin Toriumi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675620867","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yasuyuki Mitsuma"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675621124","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lee T. Macdonald"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276176857728","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"70144178"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000070144178"},{"@type":"CINII_AUTHOR_ID","@value":"DA10967417"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10967417#entity"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://viaf.org/viaf/NII%7CDA10967417"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000364778126"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000297477012"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014144869"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006350908"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401948532"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000346921254"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000255727956"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000364773944"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014152488"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000310741718"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401946454"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000022832447"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000244901587"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000512875"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017677107"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000244901876"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014143665"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014151472"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000341541964"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017677126"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401948682"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0049257"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kazunari Shibata"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239675620737","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sam M. Silverman"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"0004637X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15384357"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"The Astrophysical Journal"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Astronomical Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-07-18","prism:volume":"862","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"15"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://iopscience.iop.org/page/copyright","https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining"],"url":[{"@id":"http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/862/i=1/a=15/pdf"},{"@id":"http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/862/i=1/a=15?key=crossref.138dbdd3a11d6fdfb097a1d09eb6ae84"},{"@id":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaca40"},{"@id":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaca40/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2018-07-19","modifiedAt":"2024-01-12","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Physics%20-%20Space%20Physics","dc:title":"Physics - Space Physics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Astrophysics%20-%20Solar%20and%20Stellar%20Astrophysics","dc:title":"Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=FOS:%20Physical%20sciences","dc:title":"FOS: Physical sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Space%20Physics%20(physics.space-ph)","dc:title":"Space Physics (physics.space-ph)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Solar%20and%20Stellar%20Astrophysics%20(astro-ph.SR)","dc:title":"Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781833807488","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H05814"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H05814"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-15H05814/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽嵐の発生機構の解明と予測"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Understanding and prediction of the solar storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781833824512","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H05816"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H05816"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-15H05816/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽周期活動の予測とその地球環境影響の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Prediction of solar cycle activity and investigation of its impact on climate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781866899328","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15K21709"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15K21709"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-INTERNATIONAL-15K21709/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽地球圏環境予測における国際連携研究の推進"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of International Collaboration for Solar-Terrestrial Environment 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A Critical Re-examination"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050852714969396096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Extreme Space Weather Event in 1941 February/March"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215431933696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Historical Auroras in the 990s: Evidence of Great Magnetic Storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002217650868864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"East Asian observations of low-latitude aurora during the Carrington magnetic storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002220784969344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Numerical 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