{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004239676495872.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/aaf471"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/871/i=2/a=187/pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/871/i=2/a=187?key=crossref.6d731f030b6595a28f88c6a4cb5d5963"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf471"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf471/pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.10782"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Lifetimes and Emergence/Decay Rates of Star Spots on Solar-type Stars Estimated by Kepler Data in Comparison with Those of Sunspots"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Active solar-type stars show large quasi-periodic brightness variations caused by stellar rotation with star spots, and the amplitude changes as the spots emerge and decay. The <jats:italic>Kepler</jats:italic> data are suitable for investigations of the emergence and decay processes of star spots, which are important to understand the underlying stellar dynamo and stellar flares. In this study, we measured the temporal evolution of the star-spot area with <jats:italic>Kepler</jats:italic> data by tracing the local minima of the light curves. In this analysis, we extracted the temporal evolution of star spots showing clear emergence and decay without being disturbed by stellar differential rotation. We applied this method to 5356 active solar-type stars observed by <jats:italic>Kepler</jats:italic> and obtained temporal evolution of 56 individual star spots. We calculated the lifetimes and emergence/decay rates of the star spots from the obtained temporal evolution of the spot area. As a result, we found that the lifetimes (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic>) of star spots range from 10 to 350 days when the spot areas (<jats:italic>A</jats:italic>) are 0.1%–2.3% of the solar hemisphere. We also compared them with sunspot lifetimes and found that the lifetimes of star spots are much shorter than those extrapolated from an empirical relation of sunspots (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic> ∝ <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>), while being consistent with other research on star-spot lifetimes. The emergence and decay rates of star spots are typically 5 × 10<jats:sup>20</jats:sup> Mx hr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (8 MSH hr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) with an area of 0.1%–2.3% of the solar hemisphere and mostly consistent with those expected from sunspots, which may indicate the same underlying processes.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239676495753","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kosuke Namekata"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276185218048","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"40456851"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000040456851"},{"@type":"ORCID","@value":"0000-0003-0332-0811"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000249538160"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000323844365"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000250750216"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237870922"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000244902160"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000310465778"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000019229102"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403553662"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000285477513"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000399527262"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403553716"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237870991"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000244901889"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000253678536"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000246809119"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/h.maehara"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hiroyuki Maehara"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239676495872","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yuta Notsu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326230973312","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"30738290"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000030738290"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018330951"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403794144"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018701583"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402481324"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/shin_toriumi"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shin Toriumi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239676496003","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hisashi Hayakawa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239676495881","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kai Ikuta"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239676496002","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shota Notsu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004239676495746","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Satoshi Honda"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420282801206033536","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"20332728"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000020332728"},{"@type":"ORCID","@value":"0000-0001-9588-1872"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000122293"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871111"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242546870"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871074"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000323844370"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000279644560"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871072"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871300"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000262347417"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401948763"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871073"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000122110"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237870989"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000313618294"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000305623653"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000290358365"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014145387"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000244901817"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871157"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000275831899"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871327"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000250750332"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871274"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237870356"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000341541965"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000122412"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871112"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237871178"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0069959"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Daisaku Nogami"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276176857728","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"70144178"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000070144178"},{"@type":"CINII_AUTHOR_ID","@value":"DA10967417"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10967417#entity"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://viaf.org/viaf/NII%7CDA10967417"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000364778126"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000297477012"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014144869"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000006350908"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401948532"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000346921254"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000255727956"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000364773944"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014152488"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000310741718"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401946454"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000022832447"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000244901587"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000000512875"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017677107"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000244901876"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014143665"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000014151472"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000341541964"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017677126"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401948682"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/read0049257"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kazunari Shibata"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"0004637X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15384357"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"The Astrophysical Journal"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Astronomical Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2019-01-30","prism:volume":"871","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"187"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://iopscience.iop.org/page/copyright","https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining"],"url":[{"@id":"http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/871/i=2/a=187/pdf"},{"@id":"http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/871/i=2/a=187?key=crossref.6d731f030b6595a28f88c6a4cb5d5963"},{"@id":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf471"},{"@id":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf471/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2019-01-30","modifiedAt":"2024-01-12","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Earth%20and%20Planetary%20Astrophysics%20(astro-ph.EP)","dc:title":"Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Astrophysics%20-%20Solar%20and%20Stellar%20Astrophysics","dc:title":"Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=FOS:%20Physical%20sciences","dc:title":"FOS: Physical sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Solar%20and%20Stellar%20Astrophysics%20(astro-ph.SR)","dc:title":"Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Astrophysics%20-%20Earth%20and%20Planetary%20Astrophysics","dc:title":"Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781833807488","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H05814"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H05814"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-15H05814/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽嵐の発生機構の解明と予測"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Understanding and prediction of the solar storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781898888704","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16H03955"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16H03955"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16H03955/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽白色光フレアの解析に基づく、スーパーフレア星の磁気活動機構の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Solving the Mechanism of Magnetic Activity of Supeflare Stars based on the Analysis of White Light Solar Flares"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781905215488","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16J06887"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16J06887"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16J06887/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"原始惑星系円盤・系外惑星大気の化学構造研究から迫る、普遍的な惑星形成理論"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781924109824","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16K17671"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16K17671"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16K17671/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽から恒星へ：シミュレーションと観測に基づく普遍的な黒点・フレア理論の構築"},{"@language":"en","@value":"From the Sun to the Stars: Building of a Universal Theory of Spots and Flares Based on Numerical and Observational Studies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781996075264","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"18J20048"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP18J20048"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18J20048/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"恒星観測から迫る、太陽・恒星の磁気活動性の統一的理解"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Observational Studies of Solar-type Stars toward an Universal Understanding of Solar and Stellar Magnetic Activity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256880745984","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16J00320"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16J00320"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16J00320/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"スーパーフレア星の観測から迫る、太陽型恒星の磁気活動とダイナモ理論"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Magnetic activities of solar-type stars and dynamo theory investigated through the observations of superflare stars"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256932838016","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"17H02865"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP17H02865"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17H02865/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"高速分光観測による恒星フレアの機構の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigation of the mechanism of stellar flares by high speed spectroscopy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256942312320","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"17K05400"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP17K05400"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K05400/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽型星の高精度測光データから探る巨大黒点の性質とスーパーフレアの関係"},{"@language":"en","@value":"On the correlation between starspot activity and superflares on solar-type stars"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282810703105792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Solar Flares: Magnetohydrodynamic Processes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050282810809482624","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Statistical properties of superflares on solar-type stars based on 1-min cadence data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050295956119976960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Discovery of a Long-duration Superflare on a Young Solar-type Star EK Draconis with Nearly Similar Time Evolution for H alpha and White-light Emissions"},{"@value":"Discovery of a Long-duration Superflare on a Young Solar-type Star EK Draconis with Nearly Similar Time Evolution for Hα and White-light Emissions"},{"@value":"Discovery of a long-duration superflare on a young solar-type star EK Draconis with nearly similar time evolution for Ha and white-light emissions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050583933990844800","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. 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Understanding Prominence Eruption through Data-driven Modeling and Observed Magnetic Environment"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002220784969344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Numerical Simulations of Flare-productive Active Regions: δ-sunspots, Sheared Polarity Inversion Lines, Energy Storage, and Predictions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002220786093440","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"SCALING RELATIONS IN CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AND ENERGETIC PROTON EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOLAR SUPERFLARES"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231434647424","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Revisiting Kunitomo’s Sunspot Drawings During 1835 – 1836 in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005516049337344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Unaided-eye Sunspot Observations in 1769 November: A Comparison of Graphical Records in the East and the West"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005669368893440","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Do Kepler Superflare Stars Really Include Slowly Rotating Sun-like Stars?—Results Using APO 3.5 m Telescope Spectroscopic Observations and Gaia-DR2 Data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142560628480","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sun-as-a-star Spectral Irradiance Observations of Transiting Active Regions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142623534720","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Reanalyses of the sunspot observations of Fogelius and Siverus: two ‘long-term’ observers during the Maunder minimum"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142681151232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Investigation of Coronal Properties of X-Ray Bright G-dwarf Stars Based on the Solar Surface Magnetic Field–Corona Relationship"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144793710208","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The SORCE Mission"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390564904704","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Overfitting Affects the Reliability of Radial Velocity Mass Estimates of the V1298 Tau Planets"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283691775435136","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Superflares on solar-type stars"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692400691840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"MODELING OF DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION IN RAPIDLY ROTATING SOLAR-TYPE STARS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692402057728","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HORIZONTAL DIVERGENT FLOW IN EMERGING SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692409965312","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"SUPERFLARES ON SOLAR-TYPE STARS OBSERVED WITH\n                    <i>KEPLER</i>\n                    . 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