{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004240190278016.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/15/6659/2018/bg-15-6659-2018.pdf"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Reviews and syntheses: the GESAMP atmospheric iron deposition model intercomparison study"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. This work reports on the current status of the global modeling of iron (Fe)\ndeposition fluxes and atmospheric concentrations and the analyses of the\ndifferences between models, as well as between models and observations. A\ntotal of four global 3-D chemistry transport (CTMs) and general circulation\n(GCMs) models participated in this intercomparison, in the framework of\nthe United Nations Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine\nEnvironmental Protection (GESAMP) Working Group 38, “The Atmospheric Input\nof Chemicals to the Ocean”. The global total Fe (TFe) emission strength in\nthe models is equal to ∼72 Tg Fe yr−1 (38–134 Tg Fe yr−1)\nfrom mineral dust sources and around 2.1 Tg Fe yr−1 (1.8–2.7 Tg Fe yr−1)\nfrom combustion processes (the sum of anthropogenic\ncombustion/biomass burning and wildfires). The mean global labile Fe (LFe)\nsource strength in the models, considering both the primary emissions and the\natmospheric processing, is calculated to be 0.7 (±0.3) Tg Fe yr−1,\naccounting for both mineral dust and combustion aerosols. The\nmean global deposition fluxes into the global ocean are estimated to be in the range\nof 10–30 and 0.2–0.4 Tg Fe yr−1 for TFe and LFe, respectively,\nwhich roughly corresponds to a respective 15 and 0.3 Tg Fe yr−1 for the multi-model ensemble model mean. The model intercomparison analysis indicates that the representation of the\natmospheric Fe cycle varies among models, in terms of both the magnitude of\nnatural and combustion Fe emissions as well as the complexity of atmospheric\nprocessing parameterizations of Fe-containing aerosols. The model comparison\nwith aerosol Fe observations over oceanic regions indicates that most models\noverestimate surface level TFe mass concentrations near dust source\nregions and tend to underestimate the low concentrations observed in remote\nocean regions. All models are able to simulate the tendency of higher Fe\nconcentrations near and downwind from the dust source regions, with the mean\nnormalized bias for the Northern Hemisphere (∼14), larger\nthan that of the Southern Hemisphere (∼2.4) for the ensemble model\nmean. This model intercomparison and model–observation comparison study\nreveals two critical issues in LFe simulations that require further\nexploration: (1) the Fe-containing aerosol size distribution and (2) the\nrelative contribution of dust and combustion sources of Fe to labile Fe in\natmospheric aerosols over the remote oceanic regions.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277763","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Stelios Myriokefalitakis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277760","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Akinori Ito"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278272","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Maria Kanakidou"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278400","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Athanasios Nenes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278144","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Maarten C. Krol"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278016","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Natalie M. Mahowald"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277633","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Rachel A. Scanza"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278017","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Douglas S. Hamilton"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278146","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Matthew S. Johnson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277762","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Nicholas Meskhidze"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278274","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jasper F. Kok"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278401","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Cecile Guieu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277505","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alex R. Baker"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277764","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Timothy D. Jickells"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277506","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Manmohan M. Sarin"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278273","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Srinivas Bikkina"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277632","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Rachel Shelley"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277761","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrew Bowie"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190278145","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Morgane M. G. Perron"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240190277504","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Robert A. Duce"}]}],"contributor":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680009","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development ; National Observatory of Athens (NOA)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680002","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680010","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Ithaca) (EAS) ; Cornell University [New York]"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680008","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Durham University"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680137","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV) ; Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680006","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL) ; Department of Chemistry [Heraklion] ; University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680141","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680014","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science [Tallahassee] (FSU | EOAS) ; Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680007","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1891146592767680130","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) ; Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053835","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Guieu, Cécile"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053833","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory Heraklion (ECPL)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053828","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Department of Chemistry Heraklion"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053830","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"University of Crete Heraklion (UOC)-University of Crete Heraklion (UOC)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053831","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053827","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"National Observatory of Athens (NOA)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053825","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Wageningen University and Research Wageningen (WUR)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053834","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Ithaca) (EAS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053824","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Cornell University New York"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053838","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053826","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053832","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053836","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"University of East Anglia Norwich (UEA)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053837","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Tallahassee (FSU"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1892836540773053829","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Florida State University Tallahassee (FSU)"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"17264189"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Biogeosciences"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-11-09","prism:volume":"15","prism:number":"21","prism:startingPage":"6659","prism:endingPage":"6684"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/15/6659/2018/bg-15-6659-2018.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2018-11-09","modifiedAt":"2025-02-01","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Environmental%20management","dc:title":"Environmental management"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=551","dc:title":"551"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=atmospheric%20iron%20deposition","dc:title":"atmospheric iron deposition"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Atmospheric%20Sciences","dc:title":"Atmospheric Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Life","dc:title":"Life"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QH501-531","dc:title":"QH501-531"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Meteorology%20%26%20Atmospheric%20Sciences","dc:title":"Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Physical%20geography%20and%20environmental%20geoscience","dc:title":"Physical geography and environmental geoscience"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QH540-549.5","dc:title":"QH540-549.5"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%5BSDU.OCEAN%5DSciences%20of%20the%20Universe%20%5Bphysics%5D/Ocean,%20Atmosphere","dc:title":"[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%5BSDU.OCEAN%5DSciences%20of%20the%20Universe%20%5Bphysics%5D/Ocean","dc:title":"[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QE1-996.5","dc:title":"QE1-996.5"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Ecology","dc:title":"Ecology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Atmosphere","dc:title":"Atmosphere"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=%5BSDU.OCEAN%5D%20Sciences%20of%20the%20Universe%20%5Bphysics%5D/Ocean,%20Atmosphere","dc:title":"[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geology","dc:title":"Geology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=GESAMP","dc:title":"GESAMP"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Biological%20Sciences","dc:title":"Biological Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Climate%20Action","dc:title":"Climate Action"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=model%20intercomparison","dc:title":"model intercomparison"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Earth%20Sciences","dc:title":"Earth Sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Environmental%20Sciences","dc:title":"Environmental Sciences"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256883294976","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16K00530"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16K00530"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16K00530/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"大気から南大洋域へ供給される生物に利用可能な鉄の変動要因の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigation of variability in atmospheric bioavailable iron supplied to the Southern Ocean"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050022853111391232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Multiphase processes in the EC-Earth model and their relevance to the atmospheric oxalate, sulfate, and iron 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