{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004240192164096.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/cp-10-733-2014"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/733/2014/cp-10-733-2014.pdf"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"On the low-frequency component of the ENSO–Indian monsoon relationship: a paired proxy perspective"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. There are a number of clear examples in the instrumental period where positive El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events were coincident with a severely weakened Indian summer monsoon (ISM). ENSO's influence on ISM precipitation has therefore remained the centerpiece of various predictive schemes of ISM rainfall for over a century. The teleconnection between ISM precipitation and ENSO has undergone a protracted weakening since the late 1980s, suggesting the strength of ENSO's influence on ISM precipitation may vary on multidecadal timescales. The recent weakening has occurred despite the fact that the ENSO system has experienced variance levels during the latter part of the 20th century that are as high as any period in the past millennium. The recent change in the ENSO–ISM coupling has prompted questions as to whether this shift represents a natural mode of climate variability or a fundamental change in ENSO and/or ISM dynamics due to anthropogenic warming or aerosol impacts on the ISM. Here we place the 20th century ENSO–ISM relationship in a millennial context by assessing the phase relationship between the two systems across the time spectrum using a a series of high-resolution reconstructions of ENSO and the ISM from tree rings, speleothems and corals. The results from all the proxies suggest that in the high-frequency domain (5–15 yr), warm (cool) sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific lead to a weakened (strengthened) monsoon. This finding is consistent with the observed relationship between the two systems during the instrumental period. However, in the multidecadal domain (30–90 yr) the phasing between the systems is reversed such that periods of strong monsoons were, in general, coincident with periods of enhanced ENSO variability. This result is counterintuitive to the expectation that enhanced ENSO variance favors an asymmetric increase in the frequency of El Niño events and therefore a weakened monsoon system. The finding implies that the prominent multidecadal variability that characterizes the last 1000 yr of the ISM is not likely attributable to multidecadal shifts in ENSO. If there is a continued trend towards enhanced ENSO variance in the coming decades, the results presented here do not suggest this will force a reduction in ISM precipitation.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192163968","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Berkelhammer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192163971","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"A. Sinha"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192163969","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Mudelsee"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192163840","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Cheng"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192163970","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Yoshimura"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192163972","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"J. Biswas"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"18149332"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Climate of the Past"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2014-04-11","prism:volume":"10","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"733","prism:endingPage":"744"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/733/2014/cp-10-733-2014.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2014-04-11","modifiedAt":"2025-02-14","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782287281920","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"26289160"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP26289160"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26289160/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"水同位体比データ同化システムを用いた大気・陸面水循環過程の詳細解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigation of detailed water cycle processes in atmosphere and land surface using stable water isotope data assimilation system"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001202548679168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Seasonal modulation of the Asian summer monsoon between the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age: a multi model study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144865029248","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interdecadal Changes in the ENSO–Monsoon System"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618473714944","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Chinese stalagmite δ18O controlled by changes in the Indian monsoon during a simulated Heinrich event"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618720817408","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stable isotopes in precipitation in the Asian monsoon region"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618737707136","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619157887872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Multidecadal variability in East African hydroclimate controlled by the Indian Ocean"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565166660747648","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Historical isotope simulation using Reanalysis atmospheric data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565166663048960","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Abrupt Shift in the Indian Monsoon 4000 Years Ago"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574092891189376","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574093863828480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A 900‐year (600 to 1500 A.D.) record of the Indian summer monsoon precipitation from the core monsoon zone of India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574093892626560","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Indian Monsoon–ENSO Relationship on Interdecadal Timescale"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094375893376","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Pacific decadal oscillation and variability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094987431296","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"ENSO Suppression due to Weakening of the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation*"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855567864177536","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855567871476480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Individual and Combined Influences of ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole on the Indian Summer Monsoon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855568595762560","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in 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Part II: Reconstructions and Implications"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418518536943872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Improvements in the CMIP5 simulations of ENSO‐SSTA meridional width"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519652389248","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Climate as a contributing factor in the demise of Angkor, Cambodia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994703061632","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Unraveling the Mystery of Indian Monsoon Failure During El Niño"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995956460288","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The South Asian Summer Monsoon and Its Relationship with ENSO in the IPCC AR4 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Niño"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418599143424","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Objective Definition of the Indian Summer Monsoon Onset*"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419474026368","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the Weakening Relationship Between the Indian Monsoon and ENSO"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893317753088","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Multi-decadal modulation of the El Niño–Indian monsoon relationship by Indian Ocean variability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894104092416","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Low-Frequency Modulation of the ENSO–Indian Monsoon Rainfall Relationship: Signal or Noise?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894625768064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Experimental Dendroclimatic Reconstruction of the Southern Oscillation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894898130560","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The 'segment length curse' in long tree-ring chronology development for palaeoclimatic studies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895138062848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"ENSO Warm (El Niño) and Cold (La Niña) Event Life Cycles: Ocean Surface Anomaly Patterns, Their Symmetries, Asymmetries, and Implications"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895175977984","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interdecadal modulation of El Niño amplitude during the past 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Schmittner, O.A. Saenko, and A.J. Weaver☆"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320261940480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Indo-Australian monsoon and its relationship to ENSO and IOD in reanalysis data and the CMIP3/CMIP5 simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793226855168","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"El Niño/Southern Oscillation and tropical Pacific climate during the last millennium"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793554103168","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A physical mechanism for North Atlantic SST influence on the Indian summer monsoon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794191905920","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Pacific Decadal Oscillation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794374496384","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269412171392","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interdecadal Modulation of ENSO Teleconnections"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233270740955264","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The leading mode of Indian Summer Monsoon precipitation variability during the last millennium"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/cp-10-733-2014"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-15221399"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-017-0136-7_references_DOI_SBX2HL6zeoYbKSryPwd2bNI32X2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/cpd-9-3103-2013_isPreprintOf_DOI_SBX2HL6zeoYbKSryPwd2bNI32X2"}]}