{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004240192231040.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/cp-11-803-2015"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/11/803/2015/cp-11-803-2015.pdf"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Bottom water variability in the subtropical northwestern Pacific from 26 kyr BP to present based on Mg / Ca and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of benthic foraminifera"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. To understand bottom water variability in the subtropical northwestern Pacific, bottom water temperatures (BWTs), carbon isotopes (δ13C), and oxygen isotopes of seawater (δ18Ow) at a water depth of 1166 m were reconstructed from 26 kyr BP to present. A new regional Mg / Ca calibration for the benthic foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (type B) was established to convert the benthic Mg / Ca value to BWT, based on 26 surface sediment samples and two core-top samples retrieved around Okinawa Island. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the δ18Ow in the intermediate water in the northwestern South Pacific was ~0.4‰ lower than in the deep South Pacific, indicating a greater vertical salinity gradient than at present. This salinity (and probably density) structure would have led to stratification in the intermediate and deep Pacific, which would, in turn, have greatly influenced carbon storage during the glacial time. The benthic Mg / Ca and δ18Ow records suggest changes that seem to follow Heinrich event 1 (H1) and the Bølling–Alleød (B/A) and Younger Dryas (YD) intervals, with BWT higher during H1 (~17 kyr BP) and YD (~12 kyr BP) and lower during B/A (~14 kyr BP). The warming in the bottom water during H1 suggests increased contribution of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) to the subtropical northwestern Pacific and decreased upwelling of cooler waters from the abyssal North Pacific. During the interval from 17 to 14.5 kyr BP, the BWT tended to decrease successively in association with a decrease in δ13C values, presumably as a result of increased upwelling of the abyssal waters to the intermediate depths of the North Pacific caused by shoaling and enhancement of the southward return flow of Pacific Deep Water (PDW). During the Holocene, the millennial- to sub-millennial-scale variations in the BWT generally correlate with the sea surface temperatures in the Okhotsk Sea, the source region of the NPIW, suggesting that changes in the BWT are linked to changes in the NPIW production rate.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192231424","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Kubota"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192231425","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Kimoto"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192230914","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Itaki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192231296","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Yokoyama"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192230913","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Miyairi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004240192230912","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Matsuzaki"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"18149332"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Climate of the Past"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2015-06-03","prism:volume":"11","prism:number":"6","prism:startingPage":"803","prism:endingPage":"824"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/11/803/2015/cp-11-803-2015.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2015-06-03","modifiedAt":"2025-02-08","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Environmental%20sciences","dc:title":"Environmental sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=TD172-193.5","dc:title":"TD172-193.5"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=TD169-171.8","dc:title":"TD169-171.8"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=GE1-350","dc:title":"GE1-350"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Environmental%20protection","dc:title":"Environmental protection"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Environmental%20pollution","dc:title":"Environmental pollution"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257119174784","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"23221002"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP23221002"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23221002/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"完新世における東アジア水循環変動とグローバルモンスーン"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Changes in hydrological cycle in East Asia during the Holocene and their implication for Global Monsoon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257230904192","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"25400504"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP25400504"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25400504/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"世界規模の気候変動と地域的な構造運動に関連した日本海の海洋循環の成立と進化"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Evolution of the ocean circulation in the Japan Sea related to global climatic and local tectonic events"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233286387840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Variations of East Asian summer monsoon since the last deglaciation based on Mg/Ca and oxygen isotope of planktic foraminifera in the northern East China Sea"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142930960384","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Chapter 5.4 Mode waters"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142930965632","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Okhotsk Sea water anomaly: implications for ventilation in the North Pacific"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142940225024","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0–50,000 Years cal BP"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144723824128","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global dissolution effects on planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios controlled by the calcite-saturation state of bottom waters"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145300590848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mg/Ca temperature calibration for the benthic foraminifer <i>Cibicidoides pachyderma</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145739052032","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Marine nutrient cycling - How will the ocean’s capacity of biological carbon pumping change? 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