{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005518173206016.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2019ja026630"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2019JA026630"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JA026630"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2019JA026630"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1029/2019JA026630"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JA026630"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"On the Long Lasting “C‐Type” Structures in the Sodium Lidargram: The Lifetime of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billows in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In order to understand the characteristics of long‐lasting “C‐type” structure in the Sodium (Na) lidargram, six cases from different observational locations have been analyzed. The Na lidargram, collected from low‐, middle‐, and high‐latitude sites, show long lifetime of the C‐type structures which is believed to be the manifestation of Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) billows in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region. In order to explore the characteristics of the long‐lasting C‐type structures, the altitude profile of square of Brunt‐Väisälä frequency in the MLT region has been derived using the temperature profile collected from the Na lidar instruments and the SABER instrument onboard TIMED satellite. It is found to be positive in the C‐type structure region for all the six cases which indicates that the regions are convectively stable. Simultaneous wind measurements, which allowed us to calculate the Richardson numbers and Reynolds numbers for three cases, suggest that the regions where the C‐type structure appeared were dynamically stable and nonturbulent. This paper brings out a hypothesis wherein the low temperature can increase the magnitude of the Prandtl number and convectively stable atmospheric region can cause the magnitude of Reynolds number to decrease. As a consequence, the remnant of previously generated KH billows in nearly “frozen‐in” condition can be advected through this conducive region to a different location by the background wind where they can sustain for a long time without much deformation. These long‐lived KH billows in the MLT region will eventually manifest the long‐lasting C‐type structures in the Na lidargram.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206914","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Mondal"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee  Roorkee India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206275","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Sarkhel"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee  Roorkee India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206149","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jay Agarwal"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee  Roorkee India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206659","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"D. Chakrabarty"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division Physical Research Laboratory  Ahmedabad India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206661","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Sekar"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division Physical Research Laboratory  Ahmedabad India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206920","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tao Yuan"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Physics Department Utah State University  Logan UT USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206273","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Xuguang Cai"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Physics Department Utah State University  Logan UT USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206404","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alan Z. Liu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Space and Atmospheric Research & Department of Physical Sciences Embry‐Riddle Aeronautical University  Daytona Beach FL USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206531","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Satonori Nozawa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute for Space‐Earth Environmental Research (ISEE) Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206019","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Norihito Saito"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Photonics Control Technology Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics  Wako Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206021","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takuya D. Kawahara"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Faculty of Engineering Shinshu University  Nagano Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206789","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Martin G. Mlynczak"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Sciences Division NASA Langley Research Center  Hampton VA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173206403","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"James M. Russell"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Atmospheric Sciences Hampton University  Hampton VA USA"}]}],"contributor":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1893116917445372679","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc."}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"21699380"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21699402"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2019-04","prism:volume":"124","prism:number":"4","prism:startingPage":"3110","prism:endingPage":"3124"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am","http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2019JA026630"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JA026630"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2019JA026630"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1029/2019JA026630"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JA026630"}],"createdAt":"2019-04-13","modifiedAt":"2023-09-10","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=sodium%20lidar","dc:title":"sodium lidar"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=C-type%20structure","dc:title":"C-type structure"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Prandtl%20number","dc:title":"Prandtl number"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Physics","dc:title":"Physics"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=500","dc:title":"500"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Kelvin-Helmholtz%20billows","dc:title":"Kelvin-Helmholtz billows"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=C%E2%80%90type%20structure","dc:title":"C‐type structure"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Kelvin%E2%80%90Helmholtz%20billows","dc:title":"Kelvin‐Helmholtz billows"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Reynolds%20number","dc:title":"Reynolds number"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781956240128","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"17H02968"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP17H02968"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17H02968/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"マルチビームライダーを中心に用いた精密拠点観測による北極域大気上下結合の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Coupling between upper and middle atmosphere in the polar region using a multi-beam LIDAR and 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