{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005518173924992.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2019sw002250"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2019SW002250"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019SW002250"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2019SW002250"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019SW002250"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Intensity and Impact of the New York Railroad Superstorm of May 1921"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Analysis is made of low‐latitude ground‐based magnetometer data recording the magnetic superstorm of May 1921. By inference, the storm was driven by a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections, one of which produced a maximum pressure on the magnetopause of ~64.5 nPa, sufficient to compress the subsolar magnetopause radius to ~5.3 Earth radii. Over the course of the storm, low‐latitude geomagnetic disturbance exhibited extreme local time (longitude) asymmetry that can be attributed to substorm disturbance extending to low latitudes. The storm attained an estimated maximum −<jats:italic>Dst</jats:italic>on 15 May of 907 ± 132 nT, an intensity comparable to that of the Carrington event of 1859. The May 1921 storm brought spectacular aurorae to the nighttime sky. It also interfered with and damaged telephone and telegraph systems associated with railroad systems in New York City and State. These later effects were due to a combination of three factors: the localized details of geomagnetic vector disturbance, the geographic expression of the Earth's surface impedance tensor, and the configurations and physical parameters of the electrical networks of the day.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173925377","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jeffrey J. Love"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Geomagnetism Program U.S. Geological Survey Denver CO USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173925120","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hisashi Hayakawa"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Graduate School of Letters Osaka University Toyonaka Japan"},{"@value":"Science and Technology Facilities Council, RAL Space Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380005518173925121","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Edward W. Cliver"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Solar Observatory Boulder CO USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"15427390"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15427390"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Space Weather"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2019-08","prism:volume":"17","prism:number":"8","prism:startingPage":"1281","prism:endingPage":"1292"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2019SW002250"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019SW002250"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2019SW002250"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019SW002250"}],"createdAt":"2019-07-17","modifiedAt":"2024-07-21","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781833824512","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H05816"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H05816"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-15H05816/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽周期活動の予測とその地球環境影響の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Prediction of solar cycle activity and investigation of its impact on climate"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050289765030213504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Intensity and Evolution of the Extreme Solar and Geomagnetic Storms in 1938 January"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050303620067269760","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Extreme geomagnetic activities: a statistical study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050570852906984064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Intensity and time series of extreme solar-terrestrial storm in 1946 March"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050852714969396096","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Extreme Space Weather Event in 1941 February/March"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002215431933696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Historical Auroras in the 990s: Evidence of Great Magnetic Storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004239675620992","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Great Space Weather Event during 1872 February Recorded in East Asia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004239676151552","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Low-latitude Aurorae during the Extreme Space Weather Events in 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360005518172543872","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Australian Power Networks Using Different Conductivity Models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143594978048","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Magnetospheric Dynamics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144174498944","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Revised &lt;I&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;st&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/I&gt; and the epicycles of magnetic disturbance: 1958–2007"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144599140736","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Great geomagnetic storms and extreme impulsive geomagnetic field disturbance events – An analysis of observational evidence including the great storm of May 1921"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011146089485696","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geomagnetically induced currents in the Irish power network during geomagnetic storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011146591555968","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interplanetary Magnetic Field and the Auroral Zones"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168865605888","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The extreme space weather events in October 1788"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692627586816","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The earliest drawings of datable auroras and a two-tail comet from the Syriac Chronicle of Zūqnīn"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708269601920","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the Intensity of the Magnetic Superstorm of September 1909"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617746055168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Analysis of Trouvelot's Auroral Drawing on 1/2 March 1872: Plausible Evidence for Recurrent Geomagnetic Storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292618651350784","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Framework to Understand Extreme Space Weather Event Probability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619175065984","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Correct normalization of the <i>Dst</i> index"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619201165696","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Movie-maps of low-latitude magnetic storm disturbance"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298345008304256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme solar events"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865541545216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Extreme Space Weather Event of 1872 February: Sunspots, Magnetic Disturbance, and Auroral Displays"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302865717719680","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574096383284992","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dst of the Carrington storm of 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360579817788474624","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geomagnetic Field Under the Solar Wind"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658218763904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Coronal mass ejection–driven shocks and the associated sudden commencements/sudden impulses"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360849943104060032","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms Around the Carrington Event in 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567699482240","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Estimating Satellite Orbital Drag During Historical Magnetic Superstorms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855568434035328","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Earth's magnetosphere: A brief beginner's guide"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569011315968","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Magnetic Storm of May 13–17"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855570874709760","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Review On The Calculation Of Surface Electric And Magnetic Fields And Of Geomagnetically Induced Currents In Ground-Based Technological Systems"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855571279011712","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hermanus Magnetic Observatory: a historical perspective of geomagnetism in southern Africa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855571467442944","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ring Current Energy Input and Decay"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593768399488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The extreme solar and geomagnetic storms on 1940 March 20–25"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137043569912320","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Law of Sun-Spot Polarity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137043789446272","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the lognormality of historical magnetic storm intensity statistics: Implications for extreme‐event probabilities"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044315812992","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Space Weather Effects on Power Systems"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044551101056","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interplanetary Origin of Intense, Superintense and Extreme Geomagnetic Storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418518773209728","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The three‐hour‐range index measuring geomagnetic activity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520545475840","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Magnetic monitoring of earth and space"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994189141376","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Classification and mean behavior of magnetic storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994469611008","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Interplanetary Origin of Great Geomagnetic Storms: Multiple Magnetic Clouds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995026132736","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A history of the early recording of geomagnetic variations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995280420352","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and<i>Dst</i>"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995795824384","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Low-latitude auroras: the magnetic storm of 14–15 May 1921"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996156883200","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Understanding space weather to shield society: A global road map for 2015–2025 commissioned by COSPAR and ILWS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981468448128512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The magnetic storms of March 22–25, 1920, and May 13–17, 1921, at Vassouras Magnetic Observatory, Brazil"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981468976941312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Current understanding of magnetic storms: Storm‐substorm relationships"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469524928384","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Magnetic Storm of May 13–17"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469562426368","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The extreme solar storm of May 1921: observations and a complex topological model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470405999232","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Space Weather Effects Produced by the Ring Current Particles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943617133952","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Great Storm of May 1921: An Exemplar of a Dangerous Space Weather Event"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945662560256","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interplanetary origin of intense geomagnetic storms (<i>Dst</i> < −100 nT) during solar cycle 23"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262946109983232","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The magnetic storm of May 13–16, 1921, at Apia Observatory, Samoa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418705676544","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Economic Impact of Space Weather: Where Do We Stand?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418880423680","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The extreme magnetic storm of 1–2 September 1859"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544421328456064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Sun-Spot Group and the Magnetic Disturbances, 1921 May 8-21: (Plate 17.)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825893639629824","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Statistics of Extreme Space Weather Events"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894495533184","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme Geomagnetic Storms – 1868 – 2010"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894996611968","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Introduction"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895862833280","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Linking Space Weather Science to Impacts—The View From the Earth"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825896166438400","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The role of substorms in the generation of magnetic storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368561472512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The magnetic storm of May 13–16, 1921, at Cheltenham Observatory, Maryland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368985018240","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Relation between geomagnetic sudden impulses and solar wind pressure changes-An experimental investigation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107369091408896","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Observatories In Canada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107369195352704","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extreme‐Value Geoelectric Amplitude and Polarization Across the Northeast United States"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107369239629312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Improving the modeling of geomagnetically induced currents in Spain"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363383444219281664","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Extreme Space Weather Event in 1903 October/November: An Outburst from the Quiet Sun"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843227812608","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The magnetic storm of May 13–17, 1921, at Watheroo Observatory, Australia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843232598144","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Statistical studies of geomagnetic storms with peak Dst≤−50nT from 1957 to 2008"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844518895360","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"What is a geomagnetic storm?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844806633344","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Derivation, Meaning, and Use of Geomagnetic Indices"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388846008160768","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The magnetic storm of May 13–17, 1921, at Alibag Observatory, India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318452100352","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A review of progress in modelling of induced geoelectric and geomagnetic fields with special regard to induced currents"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318732544384","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Calculation of Voltages in Electric Power Transmission Lines During Historic Geomagnetic Storms: An Investigation Using Realistic Earth Impedances"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318958349952","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Long‐term geomagnetically induced current observations in New Zealand: Earth return corrections and geomagnetic field driver"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319242563328","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The storm-time ring current"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320679152128","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Supergeomagnetic Storms: Past, Present, and Future"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320993453696","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geomagnetically induced currents: Science, engineering, and applications readiness"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793366214400","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Long‐Lasting Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Harmonic Distortion Observed in New Zealand During the 7–8 September 2017 Disturbed Period"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951794311602816","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The USGS Geomagnetism Program and Its Role in Space Weather Monitoring"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951795824557312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A homogeneous <i>aa</i> index: 2. Hemispheric asymmetries and the equinoctial variation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951796006699136","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An International Network of Magnetic Observatories"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951796123334912","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The 1859 space weather event revisited: limits of extreme activity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951796140289792","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of the March 1989 solar activity"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951796257394688","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the feasibility of real-time mapping of the geoelectric field across North America"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269738187648","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Space Weather: What are Policymakers Seeking?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269747644544","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Recordings and occurrence of geomagnetically induced currents in the Finnish natural gas pipeline network"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269847202432","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Electric Storm of November 1882"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233270828473600","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Observatories, Automation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370005518173924996","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The magnetic storm of May 13‐14, 1921a: Observations at Samoa Observatory"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370005518173925126","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A continental scale magnetotelluric observatory and data discovery resource"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370005518173925386","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of the recent aurora on telegraph‐lines, telephone‐lines and wireless stations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205234804736","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Availability and Access to Data from Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680402875776","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"五月十三日より十七日に亘る磁氣嵐"},{"@language":"en","@value":"The Magnetic Storm of May 13-17, 1921 as observed at the Kakioka Magnetic Observatory"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570854175677960704","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"\"Sudden commencements\" in the Greenwich magnetic records (1879-1944) and related sunspot data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1574231873877971200","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Hourly values of equatorial Dst for the IGY"},{"@value":"Hourly value of equatorial Dst for the IGY"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417119869824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A possible case of sporadic aurora observed at Rio de Janeiro"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051151842051747840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"South American auroral reports during the Carrington storm"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051714792046950144","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Historically largest geomagnetic sudden commencement (SC) since 1868"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019sw002250"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-22828659"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::ca38fc707218935e347f1339a3fdc55f"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01261-8_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01249-4_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/abc427_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/pasj/psab079_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/abb772_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020ja028227_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s41116-022-00033-8_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/acc6cc_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s11214-023-01018-1_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/staa1508_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2019sw002269_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01208-z_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2020sw002472_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/mnras/stab3615_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3847/2041-8213/ab6a18_references_DOI_6yGYea7Thsp6yWmAFmgSM3tc0II"}]}