{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142755243136.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2019jd032240"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2019JD032240"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JD032240"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2019JD032240"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JD032240"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Seasonal Variation of Wet Deposition of Black Carbon in Arctic Alaska"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Black carbon (BC) aerosol deposited in and onto Arctic snow increases the snow's absorption of sunlight and accelerates snowmelt. Wet removal of BC from the atmosphere plays a key role in determining its abundance in the Arctic atmosphere and in Arctic snow. However, this process is poorly understood, mainly due to the scarcity of relevant measurements. To study wet deposition of BC, we made measurements of mass concentration of BC in snow and rain (<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>MBC</jats:sub>) and of BC in air (<jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BC</jats:sub>) with high accuracy (16% and 10%, respectively) at the Barrow Atmospheric Baseline Observatory, Alaska, from July 2013 to August 2017 and analyzed them along with routinely measured meteorological parameters from Barrow. Monthly mean <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BC</jats:sub> near the surface and <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>MBC</jats:sub> were poorly correlated from midwinter to early spring, when <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>MBC</jats:sub> was close to the annual median while <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BC</jats:sub> was at its annual peak. Seasonal variations in the altitude distribution of <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BC</jats:sub> may lead to these differences in seasonal variation of <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sub>BC</jats:sub> near the surface and <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>MBC</jats:sub>. About 50% of the annual wet deposition of BC occurred in the 3 months of summer, associated with high values of total precipitation and BC originating from biomass burning. Size distributions of BC in snow and rain were stable throughout the year, suggesting that the size distribution of BC in the lower troposphere was similarly stable. Calculations by two global models reproduced the observed seasonal variations of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>MBC</jats:sub> and showed that BC from biomass burning dominated <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>MBC</jats:sub> in summer.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243136","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Mori"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division I Tokyo University of Science  Tokyo Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243265","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Kondo"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"National Institute of Polar Research  Tachikawa Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243266","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Ohata"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"},{"@value":"Institute for Advanced Research Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243269","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Zhao"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Air Quality Research Center University of California  Davis CA USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243268","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"P. R. Sinha"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology  Thiruvananthapuram India"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243264","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Oshima"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Meteorological Research Institute  Tsukuba Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243137","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"H. Matsui"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243270","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Moteki"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380009142755243267","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Koike"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"2169897X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"21698996"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2020-08-18","prism:volume":"125","prism:number":"16"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F2019JD032240"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JD032240"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2019JD032240"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JD032240"}],"createdAt":"2020-07-30","modifiedAt":"2023-08-30","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782024648704","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"19K20441"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP19K20441"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19K20441/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"北極広域に沈着した光吸収性粒子の測定手法の開発とその空間分布の観測的研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Black carbon and iron oxide aerosols in Arctic Snowpack, based on advanced techniques"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256934865024","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"17H04709"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP17H04709"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17H04709/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"光吸収性エアロゾルの混合状態を解像した全球エアロゾルモデルの開発と気候影響評価"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of a global aerosol model resolving mixing states of absorbing aerosols and evaluation of aerosol impacts on climate"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256970510080","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"18H03363"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP18H03363"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18H03363/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"地球システムモデルの高度化と北極域における黒色炭素粒子の気候影響評価"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Evaluation of climate effects of black carbon over the Arctic with an advanced earth system model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040285300694524800","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"20H00638"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP20H00638"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H00638/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"北極におけるエアロゾルの動態と気候影響"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Behaviors and climate effects of aerosols in the Arctic"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040848250603448192","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"19H05699"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP19H05699"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-19H05699/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"雲・エアロゾルを介した中緯度大気海洋相互作用"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere interaction through aerosols and clouds"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050587981431135232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Behavior of the Snow White Chilled-Mirror Hygrometer in Extremely Dry Conditions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002214350883456","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluation of ground‐based black carbon measurements by filter‐based photometers at two Arctic sites"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002214351760256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Development of a global aerosol model using a two‐dimensional sectional method: 1. 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