{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142932839680.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1038/nature06239"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06239.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06239"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"18046400"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"The structure of Venus’ middle atmosphere and ionosphere"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"The atmosphere and ionosphere of Venus have been studied in the past by spacecraft with remote sensing or in situ techniques. These early missions, however, have left us with questions about, for example, the atmospheric structure in the transition region from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere (50-90 km) and the remarkably variable structure of the ionosphere. Observations become increasingly difficult within and below the global cloud deck (50 km altitude), where strong absorption greatly limits the available investigative spectrum to a few infrared windows and the radio range. Here we report radio-sounding results from the first Venus Express Radio Science (VeRa) occultation season. We determine the fine structure in temperatures at upper cloud-deck altitudes, detect a distinct day-night temperature difference in the southern middle atmosphere, and track day-to-day changes in Venus' ionosphere."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004057902614931","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. Pätzold"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839561","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"B. Häusler"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839557","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. K. Bird"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839555","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Tellmann"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839556","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Mattei"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839554","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. W. Asmar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839680","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"V. Dehant"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839553","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"W. Eidel"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839558","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Imamura"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839560","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. A. Simpson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142932839559","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. L. Tyler"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00280836"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14764687"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Nature"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2007-11-29","prism:volume":"450","prism:number":"7170","prism:startingPage":"657","prism:endingPage":"660"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.springer.com/tdm","https://www.springer.com/tdm"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06239.pdf"},{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06239"}],"createdAt":"2007-11-29","modifiedAt":"2022-04-12","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050856995323578240","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Initial performance of the radio occultation experiment in the Venus orbiter mission Akatsuki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004232184267520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Small-scale temperature fluctuations seen by the VeRa Radio Science Experiment on Venus Express"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707442187392","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"IR heterodyne spectrometer MILAHI for continuous monitoring observatory of Martian and Venusian atmospheres at Mt. Haleakalā, Hawaii"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285708269382656","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Fine Vertical Structures at the Cloud Heights of Venus Revealed by Radio Holographic Analysis of Venus Express and Akatsuki Radio Occultation Data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285711534872832","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Vertical Wavenumber Spectra of Gravity Waves in the Venus Atmosphere Obtained from Venus Express Radio Occultation Data: Evidence for Saturation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298337072151040","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Characteristic Features of <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> Layer in the Venus Ionosphere as Observed by the Akatsuki Orbiter: Evidence for Its Presence During the Local Noon and Post‐Sunset Conditions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306904414235520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Do Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) Events Influence the Formation of the V<sub>0</sub> Layer in the Venusian Ionosphere?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360579813137068160","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Venusian Ionosphere During Deep Solar Minima: Some New Insights Using Akatsuki Radio Science Experiment"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1523388080069817344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Overview of Venus orbiter, Akatsuki"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"Overview of Venus orbiter Akatsuki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050588892096576000","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluation of a method to retrieve temperature and wind velocity profiles of the Venusian nightside mesosphere from mid-infrared CO2 absorption line observed by heterodyne spectroscopy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050588892138311424","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Radio occultation experiment of the Venus atmosphere and ionosphere with the Venus orbiter Akatsuki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2120307889366353408","@type":"OtherWorks","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isIdenticalTo"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The structure of Venus' middle atmosphere and ionosphere"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/nature06239"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::ef4c52a2b241f4f67f67ab7dfdd05507"},{"@type":"IRDB","@value":"oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01332:0004471349_isIdenticalTo_DOI_MLPHsM4jLE7HVzBnqYuN4wVvZOZ"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2018je005627_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1175/jas-d-14-0315.1_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2022gl097824_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2024gl109724_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5047/eps.2011.02.009_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.023_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/2023je007768_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-017-0722-3_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5047/eps.2011.03.009_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40623-020-01188-0_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.pss.2016.04.002_references_DOI_HfLkbl557A7L0EuMUhmVreraAIE"}]}