{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142934330752.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1002/qj.809"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.809"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.809"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"The diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Maritime Continent in a high‐resolution atmospheric model"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Climate models can exhibit systematic errors in their mean precipitation over the Maritime Continent of the Indonesian archipelago at the heart of the tropical warm pool. These can often be traced back to an erroneous simulation of the diurnal cycle, and can lead to errors in global climate, through planetary wave propagation. Here, we examine the simulation of the diurnal cycle over the Maritime Continent in a series of high‐resolution integrations of the UK Met Office atmospheric model, with horizontal resolutions of 40 and 12 km (where the convection is parametrised) and 4 km (where the convection is explicitly resolved), as part of the Cascade project. In these models, the vertical heating profile over the islands changes from a convective profile with a mid‐tropospheric maximum in the early afternoon to a more stratiform profile with upper‐tropospheric heating and mid‐tropospheric cooling later. The convective heating profile forces a first internal mode gravity wave that propagates rapidly offshore; the deep warm anomalies behind its downwelling wavefront suppress convection offshore during early afternoon. The stratiform heating profile forces a gravity wave with a higher‐order vertical mode that propagates slowly offshore later in the afternoon. This mode has a negative, destabilising temperature anomaly in the mid‐troposphere. Together with the convergence zone between the wave fronts of the two modes, favourable conditions are created for offshore convection. In the 4 km explicit convection model, the offshore convection responds strongly to this gravity wave forcing, in agreement with observations, supporting a gravity wave–convection paradigm for the diurnal cycle over the Maritime Continent. However, the convective response in the lower‐resolution models is much less coherent, leading to errors in the diurnal cycle and mean precipitation. Hence, to improve climate model simulations, sensitivity to gravity wave forcing should be a factor in future convective parametrisation schemes. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142934330752","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Barnaby S. Love"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142934330753","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Adrian J. Matthews"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142934330754","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Grenville M. S. Lister"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00359009"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"1477870X"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Wiley"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-04","prism:volume":"137","prism:number":"657","prism:startingPage":"934","prism:endingPage":"947"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fqj.809"},{"@id":"https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/qj.809"}],"createdAt":"2011-05-20","modifiedAt":"2023-10-07","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025429444716672","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal Cycle of Tropospheric Winds over West Sumatra and Its Variability Associated with Various Climate and Weather Modes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286996579073536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Environmental Conditions for Nighttime Offshore Migration of Precipitation Area as Revealed by In Situ Observation off Sumatra Island"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360305500215913472","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"How Can We Improve the Seamless Representation of Climatological Statistics and Weather Toward Reliable Global K-scale Climate Simulations?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565168766275840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation Observed in the Western Coastal Area of Sumatra Island: Offshore Preconditioning by Gravity Waves"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567181944823296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Cloud episode propagation over the Indonesian Maritime Continent from 10years of infrared brightness temperature observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848654735525376","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Relationship between the direction of diurnal rainfall migration and the ambient wind over the Southern Sumatra Island"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861704771725056","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Capability of GPM IMERG Products for Extreme Precipitation Analysis over the Indonesian Maritime Continent"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390011307181506688","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Diurnal Variation of Surface Wind Divergence in the Maritime Continent Using ASCAT and SeaWinds Observations and ERA5 Reanalysis Data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282680198913024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Development Processes of Oceanic Convective Systems Inducing the Heavy Rainfall over the Western Coast of Sumatra on 28 October 2007"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681481473792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A 20-Year Climatology of a NICAM AMIP-Type 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to the Madden-Julian Oscillation"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"インドネシア・スマトラ島上の日周期降水が総観規模擾乱へ与える影響とマッデン・ジュリアン振動との関係"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1391975831220639360","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Impact of Resolution and Parameterized Convection on the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in a Global Nonhydrostatic Model"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"全球非静力学モデルによる降水の日変化に対する解像度および対流パラメタリゼーションの効果"},{"@value":"Impact of Resolution and Parameterized Convection on the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in a Global Nonhydrostatic Model : Special Edition on DYAMOND : The DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non-hydrostatic Domains"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051433317019185792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Diurnal cycle over a coastal area of the Maritime Continent as derived by special 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