{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142940134272.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.12.008"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0883292710002854?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0883292710002854?httpAccept=text/plain"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Gas seepage from Tokamachi mud volcanoes, onshore Niigata Basin (Japan): Origin, post-genetic alterations and CH4–CO2 fluxes"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Abstract   Methane and CO 2  emissions from the two most active mud volcanoes in central Japan, Murono and Kamou (Tokamachi City, Niigata Basin), were measured in from both craters or vents (macro-seepage) and invisible exhalation from the soil (mini- and microseepage). Molecular and isotopic compositions of the released gases were also determined. Gas is thermogenic ( δ  13 C CH4  from −32.9‰ to −36.2‰), likely associated with oil, and enrichments of  13 C in CO 2  ( δ  13 C CO2  up to +28.3‰) and propane ( δ  13 C C3H8  up to −8.6‰) suggest subsurface petroleum biodegradation. Gas source and post-genetic alteration processes did not change from 2004 to 2010. Methane flux ranged within the orders of magnitude of 10 1 –10 4  g m −2  d −1  in macro-seeps, and up to 446 g m −2  d −1  from diffuse seepage. Positive CH 4  fluxes from dry soil were widespread throughout the investigated areas. Total CH 4  emission from Murono and Kamou were estimated to be at least 20 and 3.7 ton a −1 , respectively, of which more than half was from invisible seepage surrounding the mud volcano vents. At the macro-seeps, CO 2  fluxes were directly proportional to CH 4  fluxes, and the volumetric ratios between CH 4  flux and CO 2  flux were similar to the compositional CH 4 /CO 2  volume ratio. Macro-seep flux data, in addition to those of other 13 mud volcanoes, supported the hypothesis that molecular fractionation (increase of the “Bernard ratio” C 1 /(C 2  + C 3 )) is inversely proportional to gas migration fluxes. The CH 4  “emission factor” (total measured output divided by investigated seepage area) was similar to that derived in other mud volcanoes of the same size and activity. The updated global “emission-factor” data-set, now including 27 mud volcanoes from different countries, suggests that previous estimates of global CH 4  emission from mud volcanoes may be significantly underestimated."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380004236853948545","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"G. Etiope"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142940134272","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"R. Nakada"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142940134273","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Tanaka"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011142940134275","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"N. Yoshida"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"08832927"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Applied Geochemistry"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-03","prism:volume":"26","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"348","prism:endingPage":"359"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0883292710002854?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0883292710002854?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2010-12-29","modifiedAt":"2025-10-10","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285706948062208","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A geochemical study on mud volcanoes in the Junggar Basin, China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298757401292160","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Low 13C-13C abundances in abiotic ethane"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360853567725831168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mud volcano possibly linked to seismogenic faults in the Kumano Basin, Nankai Trough, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707366141312","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hydrocarbon Cycling in the Tokamachi Mud Volcano (Japan): Insights from Isotopologue and Metataxonomic Analyses"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360869855559070976","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Clumped 13C–13C isotopes of ethane from laboratory pyrolysis of kerogen: Implications for intramolecular 13C distributions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390003825175620864","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Definition, concept, occurrence, and recent developments in the study of mud volcanoes"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"「泥火山」定義，概念，成因，および最近の研究動向"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"「 デイカザン 」 テイギ,ガイネン,セイイン,オヨビ サイキン ノ ケンキュウ ドウコウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390564237988918784","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Concentration and carbon-isotopic change of dissolved gas from Murono mud volcano in Tokamachi City, Niigata Prefecture (central Japan), just before and after the 2014 Kamishiro Fault Earthquake"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"2014年の長野県神城断層地震の前後における新潟県十日町市室野泥火山の溶存ガス濃度と炭素同位体比の変化"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"2014ネン ノ ナガノケンシンジョウ ダンソウ ジシン ノ ゼンゴ ニ オケル ニイガタケン トオカマチシシツノデイカザン ノ ヨウゾンガス ノウド ト タンソ ドウイタイヒ ノ ヘンカ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390848250105748864","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Forefront of studies on mud volcanoes: Advances in studies on inland mud volcanoes in the last 8 years"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"泥火山研究の最前線－陸上泥火山研究における最近8年の進展"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"デイカザン ケンキュウ ノ サイゼンセン : リクジョウ デイカザン ケンキュウ ニ オケル サイキン 8ネン ノ シンテン"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390861305859642624","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Origin, migration and alteration of gases from surface seeps and mud volcanoes in the Niigata basin"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"新潟堆積盆の地表ガス徴および泥火山から産出するガスの起源・移動・変質"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051433316893099776","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Seismic and inter-seismic ground surface deformations of the Murono mud volcano (central Japan) : a laser scanning approach"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051714791863297152","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Application of terrestrial laser scanning for detection of ground surface deformation in small mud volcano (Murono, Japan)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2120026414544823552","@type":"OtherWorks","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isIdenticalTo"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Gas seepage from Tokamachi mud volcanoes, onshore Niigata Basin (Japan): Origin, post-genetic alterations and 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