{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011143842217344.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/1999jd901031"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F1999JD901031"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999JD901031"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Impact of global warming on the Asian winter monsoon in a coupled GCM"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>The Asian winter monsoon (AWM) response to the global warming was investigated through a long‐term integration of the transient greenhouse warming with the ECHAM4/OPYC3 CGCM. The physics of the response was studied through analyses of the impact of the global warming on the variations of the ocean and land contrast near the ground in the Asian and western Pacific region and the east Asian trough and jet stream in the middle and upper troposphere. Forcing of transient eddy activity on the zonal circulation over the Asian and western Pacific region was also analyzed. It is found that in the global warming scenario the winter northeasterlies along the Pacific coast of the Eurasian continent weaken systematically and significantly, and intensity of the AWM reduces evidently, but the AWM variances on the interannual and interdecadal scales are not affected much by the global warming. It is suggested that the global warming makes the climate over the most part of Asia to be milder with enhanced moisture in winter. In the global warming scenario the contrasts of the sea level pressure and the near‐surface temperature between the Asian continent and the Pacific Ocean become significantly smaller, northward and eastward shifts and weakening of the east Asian trough and jet stream in the middle and upper troposphere are found. As a consequence, the cold air in the AWM originating from the east Asian trough and high latitudes is less powerful. In addition, feedback of the transient activity also makes a considerable contribution to the higher‐latitude shift of the jet stream over the North Pacific in the global warming scenario.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380579817433814144","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Zeng‐Zhen Hu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011143842217344","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lennart Bengtsson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011143842217346","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Klaus Arpe"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2000-02","prism:volume":"105","prism:number":"D4","prism:startingPage":"4607","prism:endingPage":"4624"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2F1999JD901031"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/1999JD901031"}],"createdAt":"2002-09-17","modifiedAt":"2023-09-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002218812105600","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Intensity Index for the East Asian Winter Monsoon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861707357373824","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Impacts of Historical Atmospheric and Oceanic Warming on Heavy Snowfall in December 2020 in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001205222829952","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Intensification of the South Side of the Asian Jet Stream during the Northern Winter in CMIP5 models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206500802944","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Future Projections of East Asian Climate Change from Multi-AOGCM Ensembles of IPCC SRES Scenario Simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505092992","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Asian Monsoon and its Future Change in Climate Models: A Review"},{"@value":"The Asian monsoon and its future change in climate models"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206505782272","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Future Changes in Winter Precipitation around Japan Projected by Ensemble Experiments Using NHRCM"},{"@value":"NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE : Future Changes in Winter Precipitation around Japan Projected by Ensemble Experiments Using NHRCM"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681480979968","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"East Asian Climate Change in the 21st Century as Simulated by the Coupled Climate Model ECHO-G under IPCC SRES Scenarios"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390849931332496896","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Regional Characteristics of Future Changes in Snowfall in Japan under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 Scenarios"},{"@value":"Hidetaka Sasaki Regional characteristics of future changes in snowfall in Japan under RCP2. 6 and RCP8"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051433317024406912","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Changes in extremely heavy and light snow-cover winters due to global warming over high mountainous areas in central 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