{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011144629438720.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01336-0"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0006899399013360?httpAccept=text/xml"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0006899399013360?httpAccept=text/plain"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"10320718"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"NAID","@value":"30003070922"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Distribution of orexin neurons in the adult rat brain"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Orexin (ORX)-A and -B are recently identified neuropeptides, which are specifically localized in neurons within and around the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), the regions classically implicated in feeding behavior. Here, we report a further study of the distribution of ORX-containing neurons in the adult rat brain to provide a general overview of the ORX neuronal system. Immunohistochemical study using anti-ORX antiserum showed ORX-immunoreactive (ir) neurons specifically localized within the hypothalamus, including the perifornical nucleus, LHA, DMH, and posterior hypothalamic area. ORX-ir axons and their varicose terminals showed a widespread distribution throughout the adult rat brain. ORX-ir nerve terminals were observed throughout the hypothalamus, including the arcuate nucleus and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, regions implicated in the regulation of feeding behavior. We also observed strong staining of ORX-ir varicose terminals in areas outside the hypothalamus, including the cerebral cortex, medial groups of the thalamus, circumventricular organs (subfornical organ and area postrema), limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala, and indusium griseum), and brain stem (locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei). These results indicate that the ORX system provides a link between the hypothalamus and other brain regions, and that ORX-containing LHA and DMH neurons play important roles in integrating the complex physiology underlying feeding behavior."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011144629438725","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tadahiro Nambu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011144629438723","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Takeshi Sakurai"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011144629438720","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Katsuyoshi Mizukami"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011144629438721","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yasuhiko Hosoya"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011144629438724","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Masashi Yanagisawa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380011144629438722","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Katsutoshi Goto"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00068993"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Brain Research"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1999-05","prism:volume":"827","prism:number":"1-2","prism:startingPage":"243","prism:endingPage":"260"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0006899399013360?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0006899399013360?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2002-07-25","modifiedAt":"2025-09-13","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Male","dc:title":"Male"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Presynaptic%20Terminals","dc:title":"Presynaptic Terminals"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Dorsomedial%20Hypothalamic%20Nucleus","dc:title":"Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Hippocampus","dc:title":"Hippocampus"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Basal%20Ganglia","dc:title":"Basal Ganglia"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Antibody%20Specificity","dc:title":"Antibody Specificity"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cerebellum","dc:title":"Cerebellum"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Animals","dc:title":"Animals"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Rats,%20Wistar","dc:title":"Rats, Wistar"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cell%20Size","dc:title":"Cell Size"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Brain%20Chemistry","dc:title":"Brain Chemistry"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Neurons","dc:title":"Neurons"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Orexins","dc:title":"Orexins"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Neuropeptides","dc:title":"Neuropeptides"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Age%20Factors","dc:title":"Age Factors"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Intracellular%20Signaling%20Peptides%20and%20Proteins","dc:title":"Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Feeding%20Behavior","dc:title":"Feeding Behavior"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Olfactory%20Pathways","dc:title":"Olfactory Pathways"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Amygdala","dc:title":"Amygdala"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Rats","dc:title":"Rats"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Hypothalamic%20Area,%20Lateral","dc:title":"Hypothalamic Area, Lateral"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Pituitary%20Gland","dc:title":"Pituitary Gland"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Septal%20Nuclei","dc:title":"Septal Nuclei"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Carrier%20Proteins","dc:title":"Carrier Proteins"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Brain%20Stem","dc:title":"Brain Stem"}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001202626659968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Orexin modulates behavioral fear expression through the locus coeruleus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001202640475392","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Odour-induced analgesia mediated by hypothalamic orexin neurons in mice"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001335953757696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Orexin receptor-1 in the locus coeruleus plays an important role in cue-dependent fear memory consolidation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050001335953759488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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mice"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025430187246336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Modulation of respiration and hypothalamus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283691071189888","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Concurrent and robust regulation of feeding behaviors and metabolism by orexin neurons"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285706860869888","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Role of Orexin/Hypocretin in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Tissues"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707168393344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in middle‐aged female rats that had been subjected to prenatal undernutrition"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707375442944","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The integrated ultradian organization of behavior and physiology in mice and the contribution of orexin to the ultradian patterning"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707455161088","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The role of the hypothalamus in modulation of respiration"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360287144531966336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dual orexin and MCH neuron-ablated mice display severe sleep attacks and 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States"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565169625420160","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Differential Roles of Orexin Receptor-1 and -2 in the Regulation of Non-REM and REM Sleep"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565170746742144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Orexin 2 receptor as a potential target for immunotoxin and antibody-drug conjugate cancer therapy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567181977729024","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Orexinergic fibers are in contact with Kölliker-Fuse nucleus neurons projecting to the respiration-related nuclei in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord of the 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hypothalamus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360572092686995840","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Persistent sodium conductance contributes to orexin-A-mediated modulation of membrane excitability in neonatal rat mesencephalic V neurons"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118778097920","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"<i>In vivo</i>\n                    microdialysis reveals that blockade of accumbal orexin OX\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    but not OX\n                    <sub>1</sub>\n                    receptors enhances dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846640429554176","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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Hypothalamic control of noradrenaline circuit"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848657327543296","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Orexin facilitates GABAergic IPSCs via postsynaptic OX1 receptors coupling to the intracellular PKC signalling cascade in the rat cerebral cortex"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658337670528","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of feeding and energy metabolism?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848661257289728","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Blockade of orexin receptors with Almorexant reduces cardiorespiratory responses evoked from the hypothalamus but not baro- or chemoreceptor reflex responses"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861704760420608","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Dual orexin receptor blocker suvorexant attenuates hypercapnic ventilatory augmentation in mice"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861705611356544","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Structure and Function of Neuronal Circuits Linking Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865814752949120","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Deficiency of orexin signaling during sleep is involved in abnormal REM sleep architecture in narcolepsy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865816783293440","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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