A highly conductive metallic gas that is quantum mechanically confined at a solid-state interface is an ideal platform to explore nontrivial electronic states that are otherwise inaccessible in bulk materials. Although two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has been realized in conventional semiconductor interfaces, examples of two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), which is the counter analogue of 2DEG, are still limited. Here, we report the observation of a 2DHG in solution-processed organic semiconductors in conjunction with an electric double-layer using ionic liquids. A molecularly flat single crystal of high mobility organic semiconductors serves as a defect-free interface that facilitates two-dimensional confinement of high-density holes. Remarkably low sheet resistance of 6 kΩ and high hole gas density of 1014 cm14 result in a metal-insulator transition at ambient pressure. The measured degenerated holes in the organic semiconductors provide a broad opportunity to tailor low-dimensional electronic states using molecularly engineered heterointerfaces.
"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380013168741614475","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Naotaka Kasuya"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380013168741614472","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Junto Tsurumi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380013168741614610","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Toshihiro Okamoto"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420845751139963648","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"40716718"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000040716718"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shun Watanabe"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380013168741614467","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jun Takeya"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"14761122"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14764660"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Nature Materials"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2021-09-06","prism:volume":"20","prism:number":"10","prism:startingPage":"1401","prism:endingPage":"1406"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.springer.com/tdm","https://www.springer.com/tdm"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-021-01074-4.pdf"},{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-021-01074-4"},{"@id":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-102201/v1"},{"@id":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-102201/v1.html"}],"createdAt":"2021-09-06","modifiedAt":"2022-07-06","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Condensed%20Matter%20-%20Materials%20Science","dc:title":"Condensed Matter - Materials Science"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Materials%20Science%20(cond-mat.mtrl-sci)","dc:title":"Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=FOS:%20Physical%20sciences","dc:title":"FOS: Physical sciences"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781959308672","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"17H06123"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP17H06123"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17H06123/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"単結晶有機半導体中電子伝導の巨大応力歪効果とフレキシブルメカノエレクトロニクス"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Giant strain effect of charge transport in organic single-crystal semiconductors and flexible mechano-electronics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040285300694382336","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"20H00387"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP20H00387"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H00387/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"有機半導体を用いたスピンオービトロニクスの創成"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Organic Semiconductor spinorbitronics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040285300706352640","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"20K20562"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP20K20562"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20K20562/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"高分子超伝導の実現"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of polymeric superconductor"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050289951134505856","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Bent-Shaped p-Type Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors: A Molecular Design Strategy for Next-Generation Practical Applications"},{"@value":"Bent-Shaped p-Type Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors: A Molecular Design Strategy for Next-Generation Practical Applications"},{"@value":"Bent-shaped p‑type small-molecule organic semiconductors: a molecular design strategy for next-generation practical applications"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050305411892371072","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry: applications in nanoarchitectonics and applied physics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050582307935998720","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Liquid–Liquid and Liquid–Solid Interfacial Nanoarchitectonics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050583314577981696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Interface‐Interactive Nanoarchitectonics: Solid and/or Liquid"},{"@value":"Interface-interactive nanoarchitectonics: solid and/or liquid"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050848249881338240","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Sub-molecular structural relaxation at a physisorbed interface with monolayer organic single-crystal semiconductors"},{"@value":"High‐Speed Organic Single‐Crystal Transistor Responding to Very High Frequency Band"},{"@value":"High-speed organic single-crystal transistor responding to very high frequency band"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216809193600","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216811760640","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Coexistence of ultra-long spin relaxation time and coherent charge transport in organic single-crystal semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216903771136","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Microscopic properties of ionic liquid/organic semiconductor interfaces revealed by molecular dynamics simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233235168640","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Elucidating Electronic Transitions from σ Orbitals of Liquid n- and Branched Alkanes by Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233574509952","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Structural investigation of ionic liquid/rubrene single crystal interfaces by using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013168827662080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hyper 100 °C Langmuir–Blodgett (Langmuir–Schaefer) Technique for Organized Ultrathin Film of Polymeric Semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017279823830144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mixing‐Induced Orientational Ordering in Liquid‐Crystalline Organic Semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021389802657280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Individual and synergetic charge transport properties at the solid and electrolyte interfaces of a single ultrathin single crystal of organic semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021389808324864","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390559148672","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Nanoarchitectonics for inorganic chemistry frontiers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021391860324224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Chemistry of Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Two-Dimensional Films: Langmuir–Blodgett, Layer-by-Layer Assembly, and Newcomers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025429411904256","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electron Transport over 2D Molecular Materials and Assemblies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283689375350144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High‐Performance Solution‐Processable N‐Shaped Organic Semiconducting Materials with Stabilized Crystal Phase"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621082808448","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hall Effect in the Accumulation Layers on the Surface of Organic Semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621260511872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the universality of inversion layer mobility in Si MOSFET's: Part I-effects of substrate impurity concentration"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621478494336","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electronic properties of two-dimensional systems"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294647850239232","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electron Assisted Variable Range Hopping in Strongly Correlated 2D Electron Systems"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306905622201600","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evolution of electronic correlation in highly doped organic two-dimensional hole gas"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360564063944347520","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Direct observation of a two-dimensional hole gas at oxide interfaces"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565168389908224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Wafer-scale, layer-controlled organic single crystals for high-speed circuit operation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183093582848","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Critical Behavior in Doping-Driven Metal–Insulator Transition on Single-Crystalline Organic Mott-FET"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567183452439808","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Remarkably low flicker noise in solution-processed organic single crystal transistors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574093476076288","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Metallic conduction at organic charge-transfer interfaces"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576118695970176","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Scalable printing of two-dimensional single crystals of organic semiconductors towards high-end device applications"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576121602936832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Quantitative Surface Coverage Measurements of Self-Assembled Monolayers by Nuclear Reaction Analysis of Carbon-12"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576217417925504","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Materials nanoarchitectonics in a two-dimensional world within a nanoscale distance from the liquid phase"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576217424306944","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Bio-interactive nanoarchitectonics with two-dimensional materials and environments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584340505576064","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Asymmetrically Functionalized Electron‐Deficient π‐Conjugated System for Printed Single‐Crystalline Organic Electronics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584344411161216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Enabling metallic behaviour in two-dimensional superlattice of semiconductor colloidal quantum dots"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588380147029888","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ion sensors based on organic semiconductors acting as quasi-reference electrodes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569165952000","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Disorder engineering and conductivity dome in ReS2 with electrolyte gating"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593671888640","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Gate induced modulation of electronic states in monolayer organic field-effect transistor"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865815510362496","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Condensed π-molecular arrangement for –C2H4SO3− armed naphthalenediimide"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865819405448192","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Nanoarchitectonics: the method for everything in materials science"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361131418768537088","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"High-performance, semiconducting membrane composed of ultrathin, single-crystal organic semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519160028928","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The early history of the high electron mobility transistor (HEMT)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520674366592","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Review of GaN on SiC High Electron-Mobility Power Transistors and MMICs"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418521466237568","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Spin Degree of Freedom in a Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361694368236219520","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Scalable Fabrication of Organic Single-Crystalline Wafers for Reproducible TFT Arrays"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993932494848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A polarization-induced 2D hole gas in undoped gallium nitride quantum wells"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995899475328","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Physics of Low-dimensional Semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981468842041600","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Charge transport in high-mobility conjugated polymers and molecular semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469167903488","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A map of high-mobility molecular semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470217534592","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Carrier Localization on Surfaces of Organic Semiconductors Gated with Electrolytes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944713237632","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ionization Energies, Electron Affinities, and Polarization Energies of Organic Molecular Crystals: Quantitative Estimations from a Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM)-Tuned Range-Separated Density Functional Approach"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945461535616","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hopping transport and the Hall effect near the insulator–metal transition in electrochemically gated poly(3-hexylthiophene) transistors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368495265280","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Tunable Fröhlich polarons in organic single-crystal transistors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107370349905920","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Tunable Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electron Gases in Oxide Heterostructures"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388845768600320","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Band-like temperature dependence of mobility in a solution-processed organic semiconductor"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388845817743232","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Organic field-effect transistors using single crystals"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320448184704","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Temperature and gate voltage dependent transport across a single organic semiconductor grain boundary"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793328151552","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"In-Crystal and Surface Charge Transport of Electric-Field-Induced Carriers in Organic Single-Crystal Semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793756396672","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"“Cut and Stick” Rubbery Ion Gels as High Capacitance Gate Dielectrics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269025009536","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Two-dimensional metal-insulator transition as a strong localization induced crossover phenomenon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269352228736","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mobility engineering and a metal–insulator transition in monolayer MoS2"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233269689655808","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233270322504320","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Two-dimensional electron gases induced by spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization charges in N- and Ga-face AlGaN/GaN heterostructures"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206254971776","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"A new field-effect transistor with selectively doped GaAs/n-AlxGa1-xAs heterojunctions."},{"@value":"A New Field-Effect Transistor with Selectively Doped GaAs/n-AlxGa1-xAs Heterojunctions"},{"@value":"A new field-effect transistor with selectively doped GaAs/n-Al x Ga1−x As Heterojunctions"},{"@value":"A new field-effect transistor with selectively-doped GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunctions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390282681245680640","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Hall Effect of Quasi-Hole Gas in Organic Single-Crystal Transistors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520854805422619648","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Inch-Size Solution-Processed Single-Crystalline Films of High-Mobility Organic Semiconductors"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417131933184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Materials nanoarchitectonics from atom to living cell : a method for everything"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41563-021-01074-4"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-102201/v1"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-23835810"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-23817209"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-24055181"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::0cd80c1f2376f071935f343c1fb0e046"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02596_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/admi.202201789_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1039/d2nr02513b_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1080/14686996.2022.2054666_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1039/d3cp00782k_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3762/bjnano.14.35_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1039/d3qi00632h_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01291_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-102201/v1_isPreprintOf_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00376_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-023-38216-y_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3390/molecules29133168_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1093/bulcsj/uoad001_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41563-021-01074-4_hasPreprint_DOI_B3KATZZJSQcYPA9rVkjgbjM9bXV"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-025-58215-5_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.35848/1882-0786/ac435a_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1246/bcsj.20220071_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/advs.202207440_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1073/pnas.2405933121_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1063/5.0058666_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1039/d3tc04231f_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1002/cphc.202400596_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.35848/1347-4065/ad4ad8_references_DOI_1QYN7HAfxQbyEhhtNBtplrhxGkS"}]}