{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360016869790833280.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1192/bjp.2020.242"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007125020002421"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125020002421_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures are likely to have a marked effect on mental health. It is important to use longitudinal data to improve inferences.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125020002421_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the prevalence of depression, anxiety and mental well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, to identify groups at risk of depression and/or anxiety during the pandemic.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125020002421_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) index generation (\n                      <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\n                      = 2850, mean age 28 years) and parent generation (\n                      <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\n                      = 3720, mean age 59 years), and Generation Scotland (\n                      <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\n                      = 4233, mean age 59 years). Depression was measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire in ALSPAC and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Generation Scotland. Anxiety and mental well-being were measured with the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 and the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale.\n                    </jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125020002421_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression during the pandemic was similar to pre-pandemic levels in the ALSPAC index generation, but those experiencing anxiety had almost doubled, at 24% (95% CI 23–26%) compared with a pre-pandemic level of 13% (95% CI 12–14%). In both studies, anxiety and depression during the pandemic was greater in younger members, women, those with pre-existing mental/physical health conditions and individuals in socioeconomic adversity, even when controlling for pre-pandemic anxiety and depression.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125020002421_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results provide evidence for increased anxiety in young people that is coincident with the pandemic. Specific groups are at elevated risk of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for planning current mental health provisions and for long-term impact beyond this pandemic.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833285","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alex S. F. Kwong"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833293","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Rebecca M. Pearson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833290","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Mark J. Adams"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833282","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kate Northstone"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833291","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kate Tilling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833287","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Daniel Smith"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833296","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Chloe Fawns-Ritchie"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833284","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Helen Bould"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833302","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Naomi Warne"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833295","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Stanley Zammit"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833298","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David J. Gunnell"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833280","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Paul A. Moran"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833294","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Nadia Micali"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833281","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Abraham Reichenberg"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833288","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Matthew Hickman"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833301","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Dheeraj Rai"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833303","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Simon Haworth"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833292","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Archie Campbell"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833300","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Drew Altschul"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833297","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Robin Flaig"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833299","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrew M. McIntosh"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833283","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Deborah A. Lawlor"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833286","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David Porteous"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016869790833289","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Nicholas J. Timpson"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00071250"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14721465"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Royal College of Psychiatrists"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2020-11-24","prism:volume":"218","prism:number":"6","prism:startingPage":"334","prism:endingPage":"343"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007125020002421"}],"createdAt":"2020-11-24","modifiedAt":"2021-05-27","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360580232406477696","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Control Measures on the Mental Health of the General Population"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861288389231232","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Anxiety, past trauma and changes in relationships in Japan during COVID-19"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1192/bjp.2020.242"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.7326/m22-1507_references_DOI_QtcgWBgXCWIkzuLI4xjgqZrRdR8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.032_references_DOI_QtcgWBgXCWIkzuLI4xjgqZrRdR8"}]}