{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360016870448273408.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1093/mnrasl/slac035"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnrasl/slac035/43295498/slac035.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-pdf/514/1/L6/54615018/slac035.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.00823"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"HANDLE","@value":"11370/9a8d7b42-a3e7-43ee-9c42-afb5f90c3705"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Are the newly-discovered <i>z</i> ∼ 13 drop-out sources starburst galaxies or quasars?"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The detection of two z ∼ 13 galaxy candidates has opened a new window on galaxy formation at an era only 330 Myr after the big bang. Here, we investigate the physical nature of these sources: are we witnessing star forming galaxies or quasars at such early epochs? If powered by star formation, the observed ultraviolet (UV) luminosities and number densities can be jointly explained if: (i) these galaxies are extreme star-formers with star formation rates 5−24 × higher than those expected from extrapolations of average lower-redshift relations; (ii) the star formation efficiency increases with halo mass and is countered by increasing dust attenuation from z ∼ 10−5; (iii) they form stars with an extremely top-heavy initial mass function. The quasar hypothesis is also plausible, with the UV luminosity produced by black holes of $\\sim 10^8 \\, \\rm M_\\odot$ accreting at or slightly above the Eddington rate (fEdd ∼ 1.0). This black hole mass at z ∼ 13 would require very challenging, but not implausible, growth parameters. If spectroscopically confirmed, these two sources will represent a remarkable laboratory to study the Universe at previously inaccessible redshifts.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016870448273410","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Fabio Pacucci"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"@value":"Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016870448273409","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Pratika Dayal"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , P.O. Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420848647296526080","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"90896903"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000090896903"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000403958051"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/yharikane"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yuichi Harikane"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan"},{"@value":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016870448273412","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Akio K Inoue"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"},{"@value":"Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380016870448273408","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Abraham Loeb"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"@value":"Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"17453925"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"17453933"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Oxford University Press (OUP)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2022-04-07","prism:volume":"514","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"L6","prism:endingPage":"L10"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model"],"url":[{"@id":"https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnrasl/slac035/43295498/slac035.pdf"},{"@id":"https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-pdf/514/1/L6/54615018/slac035.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2022-04-07","modifiedAt":"2023-12-19","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=High%20Energy%20Astrophysical%20Phenomena%20(astro-ph.HE)","dc:title":"High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Cosmology%20and%20Nongalactic%20Astrophysics%20(astro-ph.CO)","dc:title":"Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=quasars:%20supermassive%20black%20holes","dc:title":"quasars: supermassive black holes"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=FOS:%20Physical%20sciences","dc:title":"FOS: Physical sciences"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Astrophysics%20-%20Astrophysics%20of%20Galaxies","dc:title":"Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=galaxies:%20luminosity%20function","dc:title":"galaxies: luminosity function"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=galaxies:%20high-redshift","dc:title":"galaxies: high-redshift"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Astrophysics%20of%20Galaxies%20(astro-ph.GA)","dc:title":"Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=galaxies:%20starbursts","dc:title":"galaxies: starbursts"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Astrophysics%20-%20High%20Energy%20Astrophysical%20Phenomena","dc:title":"Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Astrophysics%20-%20Cosmology%20and%20Nongalactic%20Astrophysics","dc:title":"Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040850857198686464","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21K13953"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21K13953"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21K13953/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"超大規模探査データで切り開く遠方宇宙論"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Cosmology at high redshift probed with hyper-large survey data"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050849378491949184","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). 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