{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017285981087488.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/essd-14-411-2022"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/411/2022/essd-14-411-2022.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. Studies of the global sea-level budget (SLB) and the global ocean-mass\nbudget (OMB) are essential to assess the reliability of our knowledge of\nsea-level change and its contributors. Here we present datasets for times\nseries of the SLB and OMB elements developed in the framework of ESA's\nClimate Change Initiative. We use these datasets to assess the SLB and the\nOMB simultaneously, utilising a consistent framework of uncertainty\ncharacterisation. The time series, given at monthly sampling and available\nat https://doi.org/10.5285/17c2ce31784048de93996275ee976fff (Horwath et\nal., 2021), include global mean sea-level (GMSL) anomalies from satellite\naltimetry, the global mean steric component from Argo drifter data with\nincorporation of sea surface temperature data, the ocean-mass component from\nGravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry, the\ncontribution from global glacier mass changes assessed by a global glacier\nmodel, the contribution from Greenland Ice Sheet and Antarctic Ice Sheet\nmass changes assessed by satellite radar altimetry and by GRACE, and\nthe contribution from land water storage anomalies assessed by the global\nhydrological model WaterGAP (Water Global Assessment and Prognosis). Over the period January 1993–December 2016 (P1, covered by the satellite altimetry records), the mean rate (linear trend) of GMSL is 3.05 ± 0.24 mm yr−1. The steric component is 1.15 ± 0.12 mm yr−1 (38 % of the GMSL trend), and the mass component is 1.75 ± 0.12 mm yr−1 (57 %). The mass component includes 0.64  ± 0.03 mm yr−1 (21 % of the GMSL trend) from glaciers outside\nGreenland and Antarctica, 0.60 ± 0.04 mm yr−1 (20 %) from\nGreenland, 0.19 ± 0.04 mm yr−1 (6 %) from Antarctica, and\n0.32 ± 0.10 mm yr−1 (10 %) from changes of land water storage. In the period January 2003–August 2016 (P2, covered by GRACE and the Argo drifter system), GMSL rise is higher than in P1 at 3.64 ± 0.26 mm yr−1. This is due to an increase of the mass contributions, now about 2.40 ± 0.13 mm yr−1 (66 % of the GMSL trend), with the\nlargest increase contributed from Greenland, while the steric contribution\nremained similar at 1.19 ± 0.17 mm yr−1 (now 33 %). The SLB of\nlinear trends is closed for P1 and P2; that is, the GMSL trend agrees with\nthe sum of the steric and mass components within their combined\nuncertainties. The OMB, which can be evaluated only for P2, shows that our\npreferred GRACE-based estimate of the ocean-mass trend agrees with the sum of mass contributions within 1.5 times or 0.8 times the combined 1σ\nuncertainties, depending on the way of assessing the mass contributions.\nCombined uncertainties (1σ) of the elements involved in the budgets are between 0.29 and 0.42 mm yr−1, on the order of 10 % of GMSL rise.\nInterannual variations that overlie the long-term trends are coherently\nrepresented by the elements of the SLB and the OMB. Even at the level of\nmonthly anomalies the budgets are closed within uncertainties, while also\nindicating possible origins of remaining misclosures.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087488","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Martin Horwath"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087510","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Benjamin D. Gutknecht"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087498","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anny Cazenave"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087500","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hindumathi Kulaiappan Palanisamy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087515","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Florence Marti"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087509","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ben Marzeion​​​​​​​"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087505","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Frank Paul"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087501","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Raymond Le Bris"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087517","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anna E. Hogg"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087513","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Inès Otosaka"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087493","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andrew Shepherd"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087504","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Petra Döll"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087502","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Denise Cáceres"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087494","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hannes Müller Schmied"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087514","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Johnny A. Johannessen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087516","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jan Even Øie Nilsen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087518","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Roshin P. Raj"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087508","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"René Forsberg"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087492","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Louise Sandberg Sørensen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087496","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Valentina R. Barletta"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087512","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sebastian B. Simonsen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087507","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Per Knudsen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087511","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ole Baltazar Andersen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087506","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Heidi Ranndal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087519","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Stine K. Rose"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087497","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Christopher J. Merchant"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087503","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Claire R. Macintosh"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087499","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Karina von Schuckmann"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087495","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kristin Novotny​​​​​​​"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087491","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andreas Groh"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087489","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marco Restano"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285981087490","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jérôme Benveniste"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"18663516"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Earth System Science Data"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2022-02-07","prism:volume":"14","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"411","prism:endingPage":"447"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/411/2022/essd-14-411-2022.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2022-02-07","modifiedAt":"2025-01-23","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360579820397917312","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Sea level variability along the Japanese coast forced by the Kuroshio and its extension"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865815496543616","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Present-day land subsidence over Semarang revealed by time series InSAR new small baseline subset technique"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/essd-14-411-2022"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/s10872-022-00657-2_references_DOI_3gdIiWuP3QSKrOcGgtzziHgHs7j"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jag.2023.103579_references_DOI_3gdIiWuP3QSKrOcGgtzziHgHs7j"}]}