{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017285994480768.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1136/bjsports-2020-103758"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103758"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Effects of wearing a cloth face mask on performance, physiological and perceptual responses during a graded treadmill running exercise test"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>To (1) determine if wearing a cloth face mask significantly affected exercise performance and associated physiological responses, and (2) describe perceptual measures of effort and participants’ experiences while wearing a face mask during a maximal treadmill test.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Randomised controlled trial of healthy adults aged 18–29 years. Participants completed two (with and without a cloth face mask) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) on a treadmill following the Bruce protocol. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, exertion and shortness of breath were measured. Descriptive data and physical activity history were collected pretrial; perceptions of wearing face masks and experiential data were gathered immediately following the masked trial.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The final sample included 31 adults (age=23.2±3.1 years; 14 women/17 men). Data indicated that wearing a cloth face mask led to a significant reduction in exercise time (−01:39±01:19 min/sec, p<0.001), maximal oxygen consumption (VO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>max) (−818±552 mL/min, p<0.001), minute ventilation (−45.2±20.3 L/min), maximal heart rate (−8.4±17.0 beats per minute, p<0.01) and increased dyspnoea (1.7±2.9, p<0.001). Our data also suggest that differences in SpO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>and rating of perceived exertion existed between the different stages of the CPET as participant’s exercise intensity increased. No significant differences were found between conditions after the 7-minute recovery period.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Cloth face masks led to a 14% reduction in exercise time and 29% decrease in VO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>max, attributed to perceived discomfort associated with mask-wearing. Compared with no mask, participants reported feeling increasingly short of breath and claustrophobic at higher exercise intensities while wearing a cloth face mask. Coaches, trainers and athletes should consider modifying the frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise when wearing a cloth face mask.</jats:p></jats:sec>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480768","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Simon Driver"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480648","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Megan Reynolds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480641","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Katelyn Brown"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480640","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jakob L Vingren"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480645","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"David W Hill"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480771","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Monica Bennett"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480643","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Taylor Gilliland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480647","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Evan McShan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480646","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Librada Callender"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480642","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Erin Reynolds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480772","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Nate Borunda"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480770","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"John Mosolf"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480644","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Casey Cates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017285994480769","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alan Jones"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"03063674"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14730480"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"BMJ"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2021-04-13","prism:volume":"56","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"107","prism:endingPage":"113"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://bmj.com/coronavirus/usage"],"url":[{"@id":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103758"}],"createdAt":"2021-04-14","modifiedAt":"2024-05-14","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050580793846694912","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Consideration on size, velocity and path of droplets emitted during running"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298757185430144","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The effects of cloth face masks on cardiorespiratory responses and VO2 during maximal incremental running protocol among apparently healthy men"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1136/bjsports-2020-103758"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41598-022-26857-w_references_DOI_8CTrAi3if2eu8KMX9bJU272OTf2"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14923-1_references_DOI_8CTrAi3if2eu8KMX9bJU272OTf2"}]}