{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017290216350464.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/esurf-7-411-2019"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/7/411/2019/esurf-7-411-2019.pdf"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Sediment supply from lateral moraines to a debris-covered glacier in the Himalaya"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers in the Himalaya play an important role in\nthe high-altitude water cycle. The thickness of the debris layer is a key\ncontrol of the melt rate of those glaciers, yet little is known about the\nrelative importance of the three potential sources of debris supply: the\nrockwalls, the glacier bed and the lateral moraines. In this study, we\nhypothesize that mass movement from the lateral moraines is a significant\ndebris supply to debris-covered glaciers, in particular when the glacier is\ndisconnected from the rockwall due to downwasting. To test this hypothesis,\neight high-resolution and accurate digital elevation models from the\nlateral moraines of the debris-covered Lirung Glacier in Nepal are used.\nThese are created using structure from motion (SfM), based on images captured\nusing an unmanned aerial vehicle between May 2013 and April 2018. The\nanalysis shows that mass transport results in an elevation change on the\nlateral moraines with an average rate of -0.31±0.26 m year−1 during\nthis period, partly related to sub-moraine ice melt. There is a higher\nelevation change rate observed in the monsoon (-0.39±0.74 m year−1)\nthan in the dry season (-0.23±0.68 m year−1). The lower debris aprons\nof the lateral moraines decrease in elevation at a faster rate during both\nseasons, probably due to the melt of ice below. The surface lowering rates of\nthe upper gullied moraine, with no ice core below, translate into an annual\nincrease in debris thickness of 0.08 m year−1 along a narrow margin of the\nglacier surface, with an observed absolute thickness of approximately 1 m,\nreducing melt rates of underlying glacier ice. Further research should focus\non how large this negative feedback is in controlling melt and how debris is\nredistributed on the glacier surface.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017290216350464","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Teun van Woerkom"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017290216350468","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jakob F. Steiner"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017290216350465","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017290216350466","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Evan S. Miles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380017290216350467","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Walter W. Immerzeel"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"2196632X"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Earth Surface Dynamics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2019-05-14","prism:volume":"7","prism:number":"2","prism:startingPage":"411","prism:endingPage":"427"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/7/411/2019/esurf-7-411-2019.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2019-05-14","modifiedAt":"2025-02-01","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360584341835764608","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Topographical dynamics based on global and UAV-SfM derived DEM products: a case study of transboundary Teesta River, Bangladesh"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050870367089648512","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Geomorphological processes and their connectivity in hillslope, fuvial, and coastal areas in Bangladesh : a review"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.5194/esurf-7-411-2019"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1080/04353676.2024.2323347_references_DOI_VV132L91IpwADpsLrbOu5T7LYZS"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-022-00500-8_references_DOI_VV132L91IpwADpsLrbOu5T7LYZS"}]}