{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390564000128.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1259928"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1259928/full"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Reactivity of observers’ facial skin blood flow depending on others’ facial expressions and blushing"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Facial skin blood flow (SkBF) has attracted attention as an autonomic indicator because it influences facial colour, which informs others of emotional states, and facial temperature related to social anxiety. Previous studies have examined the facial SkBF in people experiencing emotions; however, facial SkBF changes in the observers of emotions are poorly understood. Our study clarified facial SkBF changes related to observing others’ emotions by comparing the changes with other physiological indices. Thirty healthy participants (24 females; mean age: 22.17) observed six types of facial expressions (neutral, angry, and embarrassed expressions with and without facial blushing) and rated the emotional intensity of the other person. We measured their facial SkBF, finger SkBF, and cardiac RR interval as they made their observations. Facial SkBF generally decreased in relation to observing emotional faces (angry and embarrassed faces) and significantly decreased for angry expressions with blushing. None of the participants noticed blushing of facial stimuli. For the RR interval and finger SkBF, there was no variation depending on the observed facial expressions, although there was a general increase related to observation. These results indicated that facial SkBF is sensitive and reactive to emotional faces—especially angry faces with blushing— compared with other autonomic indices. The facial SkBF changes were not related to either RR interval changes or the intensity rating, suggesting that facial SkBF changes may be caused by vasoconstriction and have potential functions for our emotions. The decrease in facial SkBF may have a role in calming observers by preventing them from adopting the same emotional state as a person with intense anger. These findings clarify daily facial SkBF fluctuations and their relationship with our emotional processing in interpersonal situations.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390564000259","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Naoki Ishikawa"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390564000271","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Satoshi Umeda"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390564000155","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Masato Asahina"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"16641078"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Frontiers in Psychology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Frontiers Media SA"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2023-12-07","prism:volume":"14"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1259928/full"}],"createdAt":"2023-12-07","modifiedAt":"2023-12-07","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=facial%20skin%20blood%20flow","dc:title":"facial skin blood flow"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=anger","dc:title":"anger"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=emotion","dc:title":"emotion"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Psychology","dc:title":"Psychology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=blushing","dc:title":"blushing"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=perception","dc:title":"perception"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=BF1-990","dc:title":"BF1-990"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040003825717490176","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"20H00108"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP20H00108"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H00108/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"感情と思考の歪みが引き起こす身体症状: 認知神経科学からのアプローチ"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Somatic symptoms and distortions of emotion and thought: Cognitive neuroscientific approach"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040858829284060928","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22KJ2717"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22KJ2717"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22KJ2717/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"感情処理における顔面皮膚血流の生理心理学的メカニズムの検討と臨床的応用"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Examination of the psychophysiological mechanism of facial skin blood flow in emotion processing and its clinical application"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360001114215128576","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Thermal infrared imaging in psychophysiology: Potentialities and limits"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004231235731200","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Regional differences in facial skin blood flow responses to the cold pressor and static handgrip tests"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004233540402432","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Interaction between facial expression and color"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360016866888240512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Facial thermal variations: A new marker of emotional arousal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360018295287045760","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The social impact of emotional tears"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021393792206848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Defensive responses to phobic stimuli"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021393792643328","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Social blushing."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021393792644992","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Blushing in early childhood: Feeling coy or socially anxious?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021393792813440","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"INFLUENCE OF AUTONOMIC SIGNALS ON PERCEPTION OF EMOTIONS IN EMBODIED AGENTS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021393793042176","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"What's in a blush? Physiological blushing reveals narcissistic children's social‐evaluative concerns"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021394468650752","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"When you go low, I go high: Negative coordination of physiological synchrony among parents and children"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021394468765568","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Eye Contact Evokes Blushing Independently of Negative Affect"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021394469867904","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Blushing as a Function of Audience Size"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021394470080512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Early development of attention to threat-related facial expressions"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021394470212480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Seeing a Blush on the Visible and Invisible Spectrum: A Functional Thermal Infrared Imaging Study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285706522376576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Facial skin blood flow responses during exposures to emotionally charged movies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302870454566016","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"When gushing leads to blushing: Inflated praise leads socially anxious children to blush"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302870454751232","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Blushing in rosacea sufferers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302870455326848","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Startle Reflex Modification: Emotion or Attention?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302870455353344","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Social Effects of Facial Blushing: Influence of Context and Actor Versus Observer Perspective"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360302870455663488","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Emotional expressions beyond facial muscle actions. 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