{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390574297216.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1279169"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1279169/full"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"38034304"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Comparing the beliefs regarding biological or psychological causalities toward stereotyped perception of people who stutter"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Developmental stuttering is a fluency disorder that may be caused by neurological, genetic, or familial factors. However, a general perception that stuttering is caused by psychological problems could lead to negative attitudes toward stuttering, causing prejudice or discrimination against people who stutter (PWS). Thus, our study aimed to investigate whether certain beliefs in etiology of stuttering are related to the negative perception of stuttering.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A web-based survey of 413 native Japanese adults, aged 20−69, who did not suffer from stuttering, schizophrenia, or depression, was conducted in August 2021. The participants were recruited through the Web monitor panel. Participants were divided into three uniform groups based on their response to a 27-item questionnaire about their implicit belief regarding the etiology of stuttering: belief in the biological model (stuttering-biological group), belief in the psychological model (stuttering-psychological group), and the control group (those who responded to perception of healthy adult males). Participants were also asked to respond to 25 items of semantic differential scales about perception of stuttering or healthy adult males. Responses were summarized into several factors by factor analysis, and factor scores were compared among the three groups. The stuttering-biological group had the fewest participants, comprising 80 individuals. Overall, a total of 240 participants, 80 from each group, were included in the analysis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Some pairs of stereotypes included in semantic differential scales revealed differences between the groups; PWS, irrespective of the participants of the biological or psychological group, were considered as having negative stereotyping properties such as being “tense,” “anxious,” or “afraid.” Additionally, three concepts from the factor analysis of these 25 items were analyzed using an analysis of variance, and significant differences were found; the mean factor score of the “danger” stereotype was lower in the stuttering-biological group compared to the stuttering-psychological group.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Although the simplification of the biological model is not recommended, anti-stigma campaigns to educate people that stuttering is caused by multidimensional factors, not just psychological ones, could change the general public’s negative perceptions of stuttering.</jats:p></jats:sec>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390574297125","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Osamu Ishida"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390574297124","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Daichi Iimura"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"16641078"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Frontiers in Psychology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Frontiers Media SA"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2023-11-16","prism:volume":"14"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1279169/full"}],"createdAt":"2023-11-16","modifiedAt":"2023-11-16","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=causality","dc:title":"causality"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=stuttering","dc:title":"stuttering"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=stereotyping","dc:title":"stereotyping"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=surveys%20and%20questionnaires","dc:title":"surveys and questionnaires"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Psychology","dc:title":"Psychology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=perception","dc:title":"perception"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=BF1-990","dc:title":"BF1-990"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040569382210192000","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21K17523"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21K17523"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21K17523/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"吃音スティグマ尺度日本語版の作成および臨床応用の検討"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of the Japanese version of the Self-Stigam of Stuttering Scale and its clinical application"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360016865646955520","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Genetic Bases of Stuttering: The State of the Art, 2011"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294647291754112","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Stuttering Education and Bullying Awareness and Prevention Resource: A Feasibility Study"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294647515015040","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Perceptions of People Who Stutter: Re-Assessing the Negative Stereotype"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294647555634944","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of stuttering severity and therapy involvement on attitudes towards people who stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294648138340608","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Associations between beliefs about and reactions toward people who stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294648177314816","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Public awareness of stuttering in Shanghai, China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094367421824","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An Attribution Model of Public Discrimination Towards Persons with Mental Illness"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574094425217536","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evidence-based guidelines for being supportive of people who stutter in North America"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574095790897664","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Making sense of Cronbach's alpha"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576121821963008","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A comparison of three strategies for reducing the public stigma associated with stuttering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576121991396480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Personal Perceptions and Perceived Public Opinion About Stuttering in the United States: Implications for Anti-Stigma Campaigns"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576122283943040","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Effects of perceived causality on perceptions of persons who stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576122677846016","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Public Awareness of Stuttering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569307304064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Comparison of Contextual and Biomedical Models of Stigma Reduction for Depression With a Nonclinical Undergraduate Sample"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857593667732736","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Public attitudes toward people who stutter in the workplace: A questionnaire survey of Japanese employees"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857597920126976","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Changing adolescent attitudes toward stuttering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861715127423616","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stuttering as Defined by Adults Who Stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360863726785507072","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Rethinking covert stuttering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865818726892288","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Genetic bases of mental illness – a cure for stigma?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865818727003776","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865818727132416","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Acknowledgment and Severity of Stuttering as Factors Influencing Nonstutterers' Perceptions of Stutterers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865818727133312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Will Education About Biological Causes of Stuttering Reduce Stigma?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865818727747584","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Social and Cognitive Impressions of Adults Who Do and Do Not Stutter Based on Listeners' Perceptions of Read-Speech Samples"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865819402870272","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Stigmatising Implications of Presenting Schizophrenia as a Genetic Disease"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865819403496832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Speech Clinicians' Conceptions of Boys and Men Who Stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865819403573120","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Key elements in contact, education, and protest based anti-stigma programs for stuttering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865819404121216","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Editorial: Mental-health-related stigma and discrimination: Prevention, role, and management strategies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865820412631296","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"University students’ perceptions of pre-school and kindergarten children who stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865820412638976","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"“Openness and progress with communication and confidence have all gone hand in hand”: Reflections on the experience of transitioning between concealment and openness among adults who stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865820412976768","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Traits Attributed to Stuttering and Normally Fluent Males"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865820413081472","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Relationship Between Public Causal Beliefs and Social Distance Toward Mentally Ill People"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821079229440","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Speech clinician's stereotypes of elementary-school boys who stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821079410176","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The impact of causal attribution on stigmatizing attitudes toward a person who stutters"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821079704832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Effects of Self-Disclosure on Male and Female Perceptions of Individuals Who Stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821079747456","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Reactions to Stigmas Among Canadian Students: Testing an Attribution-Affect-Help Judgment Model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821080482432","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Clergy's Viewpoint Change Toward Mental Health and Stigma on Mental Illness: A Short Course Training"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821971736832","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Arab school teachers’ knowledge, beliefs and reactions regarding stuttering"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044216449024","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The ‘side effects’ of medicalization: A meta-analytic review of how biogenetic explanations affect stigma"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418518465275008","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"How etiological explanations for depression impact perceptions of stigma, treatment effectiveness, and controllability of depression"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519677404672","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Causal beliefs and attitudes to people with schizophrenia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993759037312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Epidemiology of stuttering: 21st century advances"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994359024768","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Application of Electronic Computers to Factor Analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994847772032","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Challenging the Public Stigma of Mental Illness: A Meta-Analysis of Outcome Studies"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995096545152","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Public awareness and knowledge of stuttering in Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944616644480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S): Summary framework and empirical comparisons"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418927828864","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Measuring the impact of programs that challenge the public stigma of mental illness"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419416847872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The paradox of self-stigma and mental illness."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368779553152","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stuttering and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF): An update"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843287737728","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Can Antistigma Campaigns Be Improved? A Test of the Impact of Biogenetic Vs Psychosocial Causal Explanations on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes to Schizophrenia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388843919857536","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Neural network connectivity differences in children who stutter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388846280517504","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Etiological paradigms of depression: The relationship between perceived causes, empowerment, treatment preferences, and stigma"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318286923264","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Public awareness and knowledge of stuttering in Rio de Janeiro"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320082793088","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Relationship between Biogenetic Causal Explanations and Social Distance                 toward People with Mental Disorders: Results from a Population Survey in Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670320856076544","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"How Stuttering Develops: The Multifactorial Dynamic Pathways Theory"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793405911296","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Genetic contributions to stuttering: the current evidence"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233268978080256","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370021390574297109","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Examining the relationship between perceptions of a known person who stutters and attitudes toward stuttering."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370021390574297117","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Genetic attribution for schizophrenia, depression, and skin cancer: Impact on social distance."}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370021390574297231","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Social distance and the negative stereotype of people who stutter."}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1279169"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-24795160"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::e660037f470c8aefcc955f776abd1df4"}]}