{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390583827072.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1186/s40623-023-01954-w"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40623-023-01954-w.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-023-01954-w/fulltext.html"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Three-dimensional velocity structure models in and around the Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed observations of microtremors and seismic ground motion to determine the depths of sedimentary interfaces and basement surface in the Kathmandu Valley. The results of these analyses and a reflection survey were combined to produce a data set of seismic depths for sedimentary interfaces and basement surface in the valley. Moreover, we introduced a data set of gravimetric depths, which had been produced for the basement surface from gravity observations. Because both sets of data differ in accuracy and number, we adopt the Sequential Gaussian Co-Simulation to generate the depth distributions of the sedimentary interfaces and basement surface. This method includes the cokriging approach, wherein the seismic and gravimetric depths are used as primary and secondary data, respectively. A three-dimensional velocity structure model of the Kathmandu Valley was constructed from the obtained depth distributions, which showed that the sedimentation in the valley is mainly related to the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake. Subsequently, we incorporated this model into a previous regional-scale model, and revised the latter to solve the issues of the extension of the underthrusting lithosphere and the S-wave velocity in its adjacent area.</jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract</jats:bold></jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390583827075","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kazuki Koketsu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390583827081","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Haruhiko Suzuki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390583827072","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yujia Guo"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"18805981"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Earth, Planets and Space"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2024-01-08","prism:volume":"76","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"6"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],"url":[{"@id":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40623-023-01954-w.pdf"},{"@id":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-023-01954-w/fulltext.html"}],"createdAt":"2024-01-08","modifiedAt":"2024-01-08","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=G","dc:title":"G"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QB275-343","dc:title":"QB275-343"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QE1-996.5","dc:title":"QE1-996.5"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Seismic%20survey","dc:title":"Seismic survey"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Gravity%20survey","dc:title":"Gravity survey"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geography.%20Anthropology.%20Recreation","dc:title":"Geography. Anthropology. Recreation"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Kathmandu%20Valley","dc:title":"Kathmandu Valley"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geology","dc:title":"Geology"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Velocity%20structure","dc:title":"Velocity structure"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Central%20Nepal","dc:title":"Central Nepal"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geodesy","dc:title":"Geodesy"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040862776832333952","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"23K23004"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP23K23004"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23K23004/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"次世代長周期地震動ハザードマップの構築"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Construction of next-generation long-period ground motion hazard maps"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050306506449935744","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Examination of shallow and deep S-wave velocity structures from microtremor array measurements and receiver function analysis at strong-motion stations in Kathmandu basin, Nepal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050845760762907904","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Two times lowering of lake water at around 48 and 38 ka, caused by possible earthquakes, recorded in the Paleo-Kathmandu lake, central Nepal Himalaya"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011142940259072","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Free software helps map and display data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021391886404480","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A future scenario earthquake and ground motion hazards for Kathmandu, Nepal"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021395487062400","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Porosity from seismic data: A geostatistical approach"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360025429443524224","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Special issue “active tectonics and seismic hazards in the Himalayan region”"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619248950400","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Fourth-order finite-difference P-SV seismograms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848658465848832","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Widespread ground motion distribution caused by rupture directivity during the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855567868312064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Gridding with continuous curvature splines in tension"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865818486268032","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Himalayan earthquakes: a review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045485469312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Viscoelastic finite-difference modeling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944283378560","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"MOUNTAIN BUILDING, EROSION, AND THE SEISMIC CYCLE IN THE NEPAL HIMALAYA"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544418409626624","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Markov Models for Cross-Covariances"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420295524224","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894130786560","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Applied Geostatistics with SGeMS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107368645040128","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Key elements of regional seismic velocity models for long period ground motion simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107370006180224","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"P-SV wave propagation in heterogeneous media; 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