{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390743232256.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/2023ea003447"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023EA003447"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.22541/essoar.170144028.85496334/v1"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Evaluation of the Empirical Scaling Factor of Joule Heating Rates in TIE‐GCM With EISCAT Measurements"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Joule heating is one of the main energy inputs into the thermosphere‐ionosphere system. Precise modeling of this process is essential for any space weather application. Existing thermosphere‐ionosphere models tend to underestimate the actual Joule heating rate quite significantly. The Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General‐Circulation‐Model applies an empirical scaling factor of 1.5 for compensation. We calculate vertical profiles of Joule heating rates from approximately 2,220 hr of measurements with the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar and the corresponding model runs. We investigate model runs with the plasma convection driven by both the <jats:italic>Heelis</jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>Weimer</jats:italic> model. The required scaling of the Joule heating profiles is determined with respect to the <jats:italic>Kp</jats:italic> index, the Kan‐Lee merging electric field <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>KL</jats:italic></jats:sub>, and the magnetic local time. Though the default scaling factor of 1.5 appears to be adequate on average, we find that the required scaling varies strongly with all three parameters ranging from 0.46 to ∼20 at geomagnetically disturbed and quiet times, respectively. Furthermore, the required scaling is significantly different in runs driven by the <jats:italic>Heelis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Weimer</jats:italic> model. Adjusting the scaling factor with respect to the <jats:italic>Kp</jats:italic> index, <jats:italic>E</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>KL</jats:italic></jats:sub>, the magnetic local time, and the choice of convection model would reduce the difference between Joule heating rates calculated from measurement and model plasma parameters.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390743232259","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Florian Günzkofer"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute for Solar‐Terrestrial Physics German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Neustrelitz Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326224168320","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"70589639"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000070589639"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000023031296"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000016883864"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000265539303"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000024362611"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000016907804"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000024359744"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000337100867"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000025009983"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000288831597"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018699292"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000242385414"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/huixin"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Huixin Liu"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390743232258","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gunter Stober"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Applied Physics & Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research Microwave Physics University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390743232257","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Dimitry Pokhotelov"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute of Physics University of Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390743232260","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Claudia Borries"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"Institute for Solar‐Terrestrial Physics German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Neustrelitz Germany"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"23335084"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"23335084"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Earth and Space Science"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2024-03-27","prism:volume":"11","prism:number":"4"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023EA003447"}],"createdAt":"2024-03-27","modifiedAt":"2024-05-14","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Joule%20Heating","dc:title":"Joule Heating"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QE1-996.5","dc:title":"QE1-996.5"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=ionosphere%20model","dc:title":"ionosphere model"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Astronomy","dc:title":"Astronomy"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Thermosphere-Ionosphere%20Model","dc:title":"Thermosphere-Ionosphere Model"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=polar%20plasma%20convection","dc:title":"polar plasma convection"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=incoherent%20scatter%20radar","dc:title":"incoherent scatter radar"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Joule%20heating","dc:title":"Joule heating"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Incoherent%20Scatter%20Radar","dc:title":"Incoherent Scatter Radar"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=QB1-991","dc:title":"QB1-991"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Geology","dc:title":"Geology"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040013087501233280","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22K21345"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22K21345"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22K21345/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"国際地上観測網と人工衛星観測・モデリングに基づくジオスペース変動の国際共同研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"International joint research of geospace variability by combining multi-point ground and satellite observations and 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