{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390750575232.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.3847/1538-4357/ad18b7"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad18b7"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad18b7/pdf"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Chondrule Survivability in the Solar Nebula"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The lifetime of millimeter-sized dust grains, such as chondrules, in the nominal solar nebula model is limited to ∼10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> yr, due to an inward drift driven by gas drag. However, isotopic and petrological studies of primitive meteorites indicate a discrepancy of ≳10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> yr between the formation time of chondrules and that of chondritic parent bodies. Therefore, chondrules should survive for ≳10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> yr in the solar nebula against the inward drift without subsequent growth (i.e., planetesimal formation). Here, we investigate the conditions of the solar nebula that are suitable for the long lifetime of chondrule-sized dust particles. We take the turbulent strength, the radial pressure gradient force, and the disk metallicity of the solar nebula as free parameters. For 1 mm radius chondrules to survive and keep their size for ≳10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> yr, the suitable condition is a weak turbulence (<jats:italic>α</jats:italic> ∼ 10<jats:sup>−6</jats:sup>), a flat radial profile (<jats:italic>η</jats:italic> ≲ 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>), and a high metallicity (<jats:italic>Z</jats:italic> ∼ 0.1). This condition is qualitatively consistent with the characteristics of protoplanetary disks suggested by recent observations. We eventually propose that planetesimal formation may be induced by disk evolution, e.g., the inside-out dispersal of the gas component due to the disk wind.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420848647259913344","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"20898267"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000020898267"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Tetsuo Taki"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021390750575388","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shigeru Wakita"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"0004637X"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15384357"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"The Astrophysical Journal"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Astronomical Society"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2024-02-27","prism:volume":"963","prism:number":"1","prism:startingPage":"39"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining"],"url":[{"@id":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad18b7"},{"@id":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad18b7/pdf"}],"createdAt":"2024-02-27","modifiedAt":"2024-02-27","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040292561158904320","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22H05150"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22H05150"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-22H05150/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"理論班：惑星CO環境のモデリング"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040850857186467840","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21K13983"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21K13983"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21K13983/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"ダスト層の鉛直構造モデリングが明らかにする円盤進化と惑星形成"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Disk Evolution and Planet Formation Revealed by Modeling the Vertical Structure of Dust Layers in Protoplanetary Disks"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050587981426922752","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216959744640","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Growth efficiency of dust aggregates through collisions with high mass ratios"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216960286336","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"On the water delivery to terrestrial embryos by ice pebble 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AMORPHOUS SILICA SPHERES: TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE COAGULATION GROWTH OF SILICATE DUST AGGREGATES"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004232166716288","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Mn–Cr ages and formation conditions of fayalite in CV3 carbonaceous chondrites: Constraints on the accretion ages of chondritic asteroids"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360004239675990528","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Structure Formation in a Young Protoplanetary Disk by a Magnetic Disk Wind"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360009142616529792","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Chondrules reveal large-scale outward transport of inner Solar System materials in the protoplanetary 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Creation and redistribution of refractory inclusions in a turbulent protoplanetary nebula"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013172569244928","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A tale of planet formation: from dust to planets"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692400646656","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"THE REBOUND CONDITION OF DUST AGGREGATES REVEALED BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THEIR COLLISIONS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283692400985856","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"RAPID COAGULATION OF POROUS DUST AGGREGATES OUTSIDE THE SNOW LINE: A PATHWAY TO SUCCESSFUL ICY PLANETESIMAL FORMATION"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283695762801280","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"ROCKY PLANETESIMAL FORMATION VIA FLUFFY AGGREGATES OF NANOGRAINS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285714647231104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"FROM PLANETESIMALS TO PLANETS IN TURBULENT PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. 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ONSET OF RUNAWAY GROWTH"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360290617600822528","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"New Growth Mechanism of Dust Grains in Protoplanetary Disks with Magnetically Driven Disk Winds"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619349687680","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Multifaceted Planetesimal Formation Process"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619509917696","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Oxygen isotope ratios of FeO-poor chondrules in CR3 chondrites: Influence of dust enrichment and H2O during chondrule formation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619615836672","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Rossby Wave Instability of Keplerian Accretion 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Objects"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574095796514944","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Non-carbonaceous–Carbonaceous Meteorite Dichotomy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574096124361856","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Uranium isotopic composition and absolute ages of Allende chondrules"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574096297255168","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Particle stirring in turbulent gas disks: Including orbital oscillations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574096367319552","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Standing on the shoulders of giants"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574096465144448","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Streaming Instabilities in Protoplanetary 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Accretion of dust rims by chondrule-sized particles in a turbulent protoplanetary nebula"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855569404098176","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"PROTOPLANETARY DISK STRUCTURES IN OPHIUCHUS. II. 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Instability"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865818224393088","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Chondrule transport in protoplanetary discs"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821264406656","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Samples of the Solar System: Recent Developments"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821443655808","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Radial transport of refractory inclusions and their preservation in the dead zone"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137046222347392","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The outcome of protoplanetary dust growth: pebbles, boulders, or planetesimals?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418518569559552","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"U–Pb chronology of the Solar System's oldest solids with variable 238U/235U"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418518588469760","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"How to form planetesimals from mm-sized chondrules and chondrule aggregates"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520361184128","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Extended chondrule formation intervals in distinct physicochemical environments: Evidence from Al-Mg isotope systematics of CR chondrite chondrules with unaltered plagioclase"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520587977984","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Coagulation, fragmentation and radial motion of solid particles in protoplanetary disks"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520903626752","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Adding particle collisions to the formation of asteroids and Kuiper belt objects via streaming instabilities"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995187942912","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Stable-isotopic anomalies and the accretionary assemblage of the Earth and Mars: A subordinate role for carbonaceous chondrites"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995740806912","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Chondrulelike Objects in Short-Period Comet 81P/Wild 2"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469121736064","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"ZONAL FLOWS AND LONG-LIVED AXISYMMETRIC PRESSURE BUMPS IN MAGNETOROTATIONAL TURBULENCE"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469925984512","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"GRAVOTURBULENT PLANETESIMAL FORMATION: THE POSITIVE EFFECT OF LONG-LIVED ZONAL FLOWS"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470165498880","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Global Simulations of the Inner Regions of Protoplanetary Disks with Comprehensive Disk Microphysics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470250029568","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) – I: project description and continuum images at 28 au resolution"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471038435456","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Settling and growth of dust particles in a laminar phase of a low-mass solar nebula"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943859477120","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The formation of rings and gaps in magnetically coupled disc-wind systems: ambipolar diffusion and reconnection"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944553268224","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Survival of the mm-cm size grain population observed in protoplanetary disks"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945933584768","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Close-in planetesimal formation by pile-up of drifting pebbles"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362539019287988352","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Scattering-induced Intensity Reduction: Large Mass Content with Small Grains in the Inner Region of the TW Hya disk"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419434466688","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Effect of Jupiter's Formation on the Distribution of Refractory Elements and Inclusions in 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