{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021391860855552.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1038/s41467-023-41735-3"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41735-3.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41735-3"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"37903790"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"The variable source of the plasma sheet during a geomagnetic storm"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Both solar wind and ionospheric sources contribute to the magnetotail plasma sheet, but how their contribution changes during a geomagnetic storm is an open question. The source is critical because the plasma sheet properties control the enhancement and decay rate of the ring current, the main cause of the geomagnetic field perturbations that define a geomagnetic storm. Here we use the solar wind composition to track the source and show that the plasma sheet source changes from predominantly solar wind to predominantly ionospheric as a storm develops. Additionally, we find that the ionospheric plasma during the storm main phase is initially dominated by singly ionized hydrogen (H<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>), likely from the polar wind, a low energy outflow from the polar cap, and then transitions to the accelerated outflow from the dayside and nightside auroral regions, identified by singly ionized oxygen (O<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>). These results reveal how the access to the magnetotail of the different sources can change quickly, impacting the storm development.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855680","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"L. M. Kistler"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855686","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Asamura"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855555","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Kasahara"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855556","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Y. Miyoshi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855559","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"C. G. Mouikis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855698","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Keika"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855687","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. M. Petrinec"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855689","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"M. L. Stevens"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855690","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"T. Hori"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855568","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"S. Yokota"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021391860855696","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"I. Shinohara"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"20411723"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Nature Communications"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2023-10-30","prism:volume":"14","prism:number":"1"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41735-3.pdf"},{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41735-3"}],"createdAt":"2023-10-30","modifiedAt":"2023-12-24","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Science","dc:title":"Science"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Q","dc:title":"Q"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Article","dc:title":"Article"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040003825718599424","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"20H01959"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP20H01959"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H01959/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"あらせ衛星観測とシミュレーションによる放射線帯電子の非線形加速・散乱過程の理解"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Understanding Nonlinear Acceleration and Scattering Processes of Radiation Belt Electrons through Arase Satellite Observations and Simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040006432266348160","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21H04509"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21H04509"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21H04509/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"太陽系外から飛来する未知の天体の探査に向けた中性粒子・イオン質量分析器の開発"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Development of mass spectrometers for exploration of interstellar objects"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040012313367521152","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22KK0046"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22KK0046"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22KK0046/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"北欧における宇宙と地上からの総合観測と数値実証によるオーロラ降下電子特性の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigation on characteristics of aurora precipitating electrons by comprehensive space and ground-based observations and numerical experiments in Scandinavia"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040013087501233280","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22K21345"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22K21345"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22K21345/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"国際地上観測網と人工衛星観測・モデリングに基づくジオスペース変動の国際共同研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"International joint research of geospace variability by combining multi-point ground and satellite observations and modeling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040293788344230400","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"22KK0045"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP22KK0045"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22KK0045/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"月周回有人拠点(Gateway)船外観測装置HERMESによる月周辺プラズマのイオン組成の研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Study of ion composition in the lunar plasma environment by using Gateway/HERMES"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040295802079007616","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"23H05429"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP23H05429"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23H05429/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"惑星放射線帯消失モデルの実証と能動的制御方法の開拓"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Investigation of the rapid loss of planetary radiation belts and the active control method"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040566775672019584","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"20H01957"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP20H01957"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H01957/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"複数衛星観測と粒子追跡計算を用いた地球磁気圏近尾部での酸素イオン高圧化現象の研究"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Study on oxygen ion energization in the near-Earth magnetotail using multi-spacecraft observations and particle tracing simulation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040569382207429248","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21H04526"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21H04526"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21H04526/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"ディフューズオーロラ現象が放射線帯高エネルギー電子降下に与える影響の解明"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040862776833747584","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"23K25925"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP23K25925"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23K25925/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"不均一場を伝搬する電磁波による電子降り込み時空間発展の観測/モデル実証研究"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050003824963539456","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS)"},{"@value":"(2019), The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS)"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360011145144779520","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"In-Situ Solar Wind and Magnetic Field Signatures of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013172164700416","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A PROTON-CYCLOTRON WAVE STORM GENERATED BY UNSTABLE PROTON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS IN THE SOLAR WIND"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360013172216842880","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Solar Wind Ion Entry Into the Magnetosphere During Northward IMF"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021392654580480","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Key Role of Cold Ionospheric Ions As a Source of Hot Magnetospheric Plasma and As a Driver of the Dynamics of Substorms and Storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021393305976576","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Quarter Century of\n                    <i>Wind</i>\n                    Spacecraft Discoveries"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292617910170496","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Magnetospheric Multiscale Overview and Science Objectives"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621382092416","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Earth’s ionospheric outflow dominated by hidden cold plasma"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292621595568896","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Polar wind survey with the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment/Plasma Source Instrument suite aboard POLAR"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294647818681088","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"O<sup>+</sup>Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4–10 September 2017"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574095722256768","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Fast ionospheric response to enhanced activity in geospace: Ion feeding of the inner magnetotail"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360855568887701632","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Composition of quasi‐stationary solar wind flows from Ulysses/Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360857596495196416","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ionospheric and Solar Wind Contributions to the Storm‐Time Near‐Earth Plasma Sheet"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821454642560","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Magnetospheric energetic ions from the Earth's ionosphere"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865821455958912","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A Comparison of Alpha Particle and Proton Beam Differential Flows in Collisionally Young Solar Wind"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137043837234176","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer for the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044399894016","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"MULTI-SPECIES MEASUREMENTS OF THE FIREHOSE AND MIRROR INSTABILITY THRESHOLDS IN THE SOLAR WIND"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044634313856","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Cusp as a source for oxygen in the plasma sheet during geomagnetic storms"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045764087680","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The source of O<sup>+</sup> in the storm time ring current"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361694368034477312","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Factors Controlling O<sup>+</sup> and H<sup>+</sup> Outflow in the Cusp During a Geomagnetic Storm: FAST/TEAMS Observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699993789304576","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Statistical study of O<sup>+</sup> transport from the cusp to the lobes with Cluster CODIF data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699994217280768","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Charge-Energy-Mass Spectrometer for 0.3-300 keV/e Ions on the AMPTE CCE"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699995787965312","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"&lt;i&gt;Introduction&lt;/i&gt;The Cluster mission"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996339352704","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"SWE, a comprehensive plasma instrument for the WIND spacecraft"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981471334710016","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Review of Solar Wind Entry into and Transport Within the Plasma Sheet"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944822416384","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"First multispacecraft ion measurements in and near the Earth’s magnetosphere with the identical Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) experiment"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262945079735296","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Ion‐driven instabilities in the solar wind: Wind observations of 19 March 2005"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319447004800","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Factors controlling ionospheric outflows as observed at intermediate altitudes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951793719337088","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Intense space storms: Critical issues and open disputes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363951795518553088","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The formation of the plasma sheet resulting from plasma mantle dynamics"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1364233271263046016","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The polar wind: Recent observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1370021391860855685","@type":"Product","relationType":["references"]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1880584740839741056","@type":"Dataset","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Wind Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) 92-sec Definitive Solar Wind Proton Data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1881429166456779264","@type":"Dataset","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"OMNI 1-min Data Set"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1883680965405743104","@type":"Dataset","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The variable source of the plasma sheet during a geomagnetic storm: data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2051996266961881216","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Medium-energy particle experiments–ion mass analyzer (MEP-i) onboard ERG (Arase)"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41467-023-41735-3"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-25203489"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-24851031"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-25119541"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-25345990"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-24851055"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-25374260"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-24842180"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-25133009"},{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"PRODUCT-25359347"},{"@type":"OPENAIRE","@value":"doi_dedup___::614cc70be21471b9b6a17d842ef99e41"}]}