{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021396514554368.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1038/s41586-022-04917-5"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04917-5.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04917-5"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally<jats:sup>1,2</jats:sup>, yet their impacts are still increasing<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data<jats:sup>4,5</jats:sup>. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554372","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Heidi Kreibich"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554368","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anne F. Van Loon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554240","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Philip J. Ward"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554243","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kai Schröter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554246","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Amir AghaKouchak"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554400","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laila Balkhi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554409","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Nivedita Sairam"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554405","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Wouter Buytaert"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554386","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Lucinda Capewell"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554398","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Camila Alvarez-Garreton"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554410","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yonca Cavus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554249","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anaïs Couasnon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554407","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hayley Carlson"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554276","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gemma Coxon"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554375","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ioannis Daliakopoulos"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554401","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marleen C. de Ruiter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554381","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Claire Delus"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554382","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Mathilde Erfurt"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554263","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Giuseppe Esposito"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554250","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Didier François"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554279","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jim Freer"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554244","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Frédéric Frappart"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554252","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Animesh K. Gain"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554374","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Natalia Frolova"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554247","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Manolis Grillakis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554258","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Maurizio Mazzoleni"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554269","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Guta Wakbulcho Abeshu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554411","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Blanca Aznar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554253","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jordi Oriol Grima"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554384","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Diego A. Guzmán"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554259","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Laurie S. 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Wendt"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554397","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Giuliano Di Baldassarre"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554399","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marjolein H. J. Van Huijgevoort"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554395","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Thi Van Thu Tran"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554255","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Günter Blöschl"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554402","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Sergiy Vorogushyn"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380021396514554260","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Michelle T. H. van Vliet"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00280836"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14764687"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Nature"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2022-08-03","prism:volume":"608","prism:number":"7921","prism:startingPage":"80","prism:endingPage":"86"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"],"url":[{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04917-5.pdf"},{"@id":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04917-5"}],"createdAt":"2022-08-03","modifiedAt":"2023-02-13","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360865815683121920","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"A first continuous and distributed satellite-based mapping of river discharge over the Amazon"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1038/s41586-022-04917-5"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128481_references_DOI_OSFnoEbi3ULLSpZf2FuRt2L7Lfd"}]}