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To check for the existence of such a break without making prior assumptions about timing, and to enable comparison between pre- and post-break monetary policy, we employ an identified Markov switching VAR framework. Estimation results support the existence of a structural break around the time when the de facto zero nominal interest rate policy was resumed and the effectiveness of monetary policy is seen to weaken since then although slightly positive effects from monetary easing still exist.  J. Japanese Int. Economies   20  (3) (2006) 434–453."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326222066688","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"50736874"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000050736874"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018943401"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415175644"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000010348060"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241183094"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000018987690"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415219403"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415219338"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241642341"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237901625"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000415206133"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000019180862"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241664601"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241508677"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/7000026437"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ippei 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