Molecular Photoacoustic Contrast Agents: Design Principles & Applications

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Photoacoustic imaging (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PAI</jats:styled-content>) is a rapidly growing field which offers high spatial resolution and high contrast for deep‐tissue imaging <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PAI</jats:styled-content> is nonionizing and noninvasive and combines the optical resolution of fluorescence imaging with the spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. In particular, the development of exogenous <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PA</jats:styled-content> contrast agents has gained significant momentum of late with a vastly expanding complexity of dye materials under investigation ranging from small molecules to macromolecular proteins, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles. The goal of this review is to survey the current state of the art in molecular photoacoustic contrast agents (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MPAC</jats:styled-content>s) for applications in biomedical imaging. The fundamental design principles of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MPAC</jats:styled-content>s are presented and a review of prior reports spanning from early‐to‐current literature is put forth.</jats:p>

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