{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292620008551424.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1029/ja083ia06p02637"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2FJA083iA06p02637"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/JA083iA06p02637"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"Collision frequency of artificial satellites: The creation of a debris belt"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>As the number of artificial satellites in earth orbit increases, the probability of collisions between satellites also increases. Satellite collisions would produce orbiting fragments, each of which would increase the probability of further collisions, leading to the growth of a belt of debris around the earth. This process parallels certain theories concerning the growth of the asteroid belt. The debris flux in such an earth‐orbiting belt could exceed the natural meteoroid flux, affecting future spacecraft designs. A mathematical model was used to predict the rate at which such a belt might form. Under certain conditions the belt could begin to form within this century and could be a significant problem during the next century. The possibility that numerous unobserved fragments already exist from spacecraft explosions would decrease this time interval. However, early implementation of specialized launch constraints and operational procedures could significantly delay the formation of the belt.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380292620008551424","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Donald J. Kessler"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380298343980965120","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Burton G. Cour‐Palais"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"01480227"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)"}],"prism:publicationDate":"1978-06","prism:volume":"83","prism:number":"A6","prism:startingPage":"2637","prism:endingPage":"2646"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029%2FJA083iA06p02637"},{"@id":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/JA083iA06p02637"}],"createdAt":"2008-02-06","modifiedAt":"2023-09-22","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360021390557566464","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"To What Extent Will Space Debris Impact the Economy?"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360306904401660800","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Unveiling the resource potential of space debris: A forecast of valuable metals to 2050"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360861705574339968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Low-thrust rendezvous trajectory generation for multi-target active space debris removal using the RQ-Law"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390001206340612352","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"スペースデブリ防御バンパの考え方と技術研究の現状"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Concept of space debris bumper and its present status of technical research"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"スペースデブリ ボウギョ バンパ ノ カンガエカタ ト ギジュツ ケンキュウ ノ ゲンジョウ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390007680124289408","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"Microstructural Evolution in Magnesium after Hyper-Velocity Impact of Alumina Projectile"},{"@language":"ja","@value":"アルミナ飛翔体の超高速衝突によるマグネシウムの組織変化"},{"@language":"ja-Kana","@value":"アルミナヒショウタイ ノ チョウコウソク ショウトツ ニ ヨル マグネシウム ノ ソシキ ヘンカ"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390587428555397888","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"PAFgrip: A Passive Grasp and Release Mechanism for Space Debris Capture"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/2050307417166183168","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1029/ja083ia06p02637"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1186/s40645-015-0051-8_references_DOI_UfgnEPeEdORNZcMIo3K47L532N8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2464/jilm.60.294_references_DOI_UfgnEPeEdORNZcMIo3K47L532N8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101580_references_DOI_UfgnEPeEdORNZcMIo3K47L532N8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.20965/jrm.2025.p1263_references_DOI_UfgnEPeEdORNZcMIo3K47L532N8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.019_references_DOI_UfgnEPeEdORNZcMIo3K47L532N8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2320/matertrans.mt-l2021003_references_DOI_UfgnEPeEdORNZcMIo3K47L532N8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.asr.2022.12.049_references_DOI_UfgnEPeEdORNZcMIo3K47L532N8"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.2464/jilm.69.287_references_DOI_UfgnEPeEdORNZcMIo3K47L532N8"}]}