{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294646704396160.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1111/jiec.12552"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fjiec.12552"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jiec.12552"}}],"dc:title":[{"@value":"A Metric for Quantifying Product‐Level Circularity"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:title>Summary</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Circularity metrics are useful for empirically assessing the effects of a circular economy in terms of profitability, job creation, and environmental impacts. At present, however, there is no standardized method for measuring the circularity of products. We start by reviewing existing product‐level metrics in terms of validity and reliability, taking note of theoretically justified principles for aggregating different types of material flows and cycles into a single value. We then argue that the economic value of product parts may constitute a useful basis for such aggregation; describe a set of principles for using economic value as a basis for measuring product circularity; and outline a metric that utilizes this approach. Our recommendation is to use the ratio of recirculated economic value to total product value as a circularity metric, using value chain costs as an estimator. In order to protect value chain actors’ sensitive financial data and facilitate neutrality regarding outsourcing or insourcing, we suggest a means to calculate product‐level circularity based on sequential approximations of adding one product part and activity at a time. We conclude by suggesting potential avenues for further research, including ways in which the proposed metric can be used in wider assessments of the circular economy, and ways in which it may be further refined.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380294646704396161","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marcus Linder"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"RISE Viktoria–Sustainable Business"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380294646704396162","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Steven Sarasini"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"RISE Viktoria–Sustainable Business"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380294646704396160","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Patricia van Loon"}],"jpcoar:affiliationName":[{"@value":"RISE Viktoria–Sustainable Business"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"10881980"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"15309290"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Journal of Industrial Ecology"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2017-02-24","prism:volume":"21","prism:number":"3","prism:startingPage":"545","prism:endingPage":"558"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fjiec.12552"},{"@id":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jiec.12552"}],"createdAt":"2017-02-24","modifiedAt":"2026-01-15","relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360017279860596480","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Reuse-efficiency model for evaluating circularity of end-of-life products"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360294643859806080","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Prioritising low-risk and high-potential circular economy strategies for decarbonisation: A meta-analysis on consumer-oriented product-service systems"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588379386584576","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluation of Micro-Level Circularity Indicators Using Agent-Based Modelling"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1390856970589471104","@type":"Article","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@language":"en","@value":"New Indicators ‘Acircularity’ and ‘Resource Efficiency Account’ to Evaluate the Efforts of Eco-Design in Circular Economy"}]}],"dataSourceIdentifier":[{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1111/jiec.12552"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.20965/ijat.2022.p0684_references_DOI_GjtwtRhpiA4HhSbP0mDvqZYHy9R"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.cie.2022.108232_references_DOI_GjtwtRhpiA4HhSbP0mDvqZYHy9R"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1016/j.rser.2021.111858_references_DOI_GjtwtRhpiA4HhSbP0mDvqZYHy9R"},{"@type":"CROSSREF","@value":"10.1007/978-981-99-3897-1_14_references_DOI_GjtwtRhpiA4HhSbP0mDvqZYHy9R"}]}