{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565166752759040.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.1038/nature17957"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://www.nature.com/articles/nature17957.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"http://www.nature.com/articles/nature17957"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"PMID","@value":"27251282"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Experimental determination of the electrical resistivity of iron at Earth’s core conditions"}],"description":[{"notation":[{"@value":"Earth continuously generates a dipole magnetic field in its convecting liquid outer core by a self-sustained dynamo action. Metallic iron is a dominant component of the outer core, so its electrical and thermal conductivity controls the dynamics and thermal evolution of Earth's core. However, in spite of extensive research, the transport properties of iron under core conditions are still controversial. Since free electrons are a primary carrier of both electric current and heat, the electron scattering mechanism in iron under high pressure and temperature holds the key to understanding the transport properties of planetary cores. Here we measure the electrical resistivity (the reciprocal of electrical conductivity) of iron at the high temperatures (up to 4,500 kelvin) and pressures (megabars) of Earth's core in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. The value measured for the resistivity of iron is even lower than the value extrapolated from high-pressure, low-temperature data using the Bloch-Grüneisen law, which considers only the electron-phonon scattering. This shows that the iron resistivity is strongly suppressed by the resistivity saturation effect at high temperatures. The low electrical resistivity of iron indicates the high thermal conductivity of Earth's core, suggesting rapid core cooling and a young inner core less than 0.7 billion years old. Therefore, an abrupt increase in palaeomagnetic field intensity around 1.3 billion years ago may not be related to the birth of the inner core."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420564276183245824","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"20727218"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000020727218"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413564273"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402089789"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402089285"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404532766"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410479667"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000326264135"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402091455"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000262359808"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402089769"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000257824739"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000396138602"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021487336"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000289264955"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402088891"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410479641"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000241203282"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402087472"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404680614"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/7000018082"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kenji Ohta"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1030018198879876864","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"00554015"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000000554015"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002118476"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000017483640"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405857527"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000396138603"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000406036710"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/kuwayamayasuhiro"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yasuhiro Kuwayama"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420001326221372928","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"50270921"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000050270921"},{"@type":"CINII_AUTHOR_ID","@value":"DA18214638"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18214638#entity"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://viaf.org/viaf/NII%7CDA18214638"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413564274"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413564275"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402089791"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402089282"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402089283"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000004893971"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283727076"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405857523"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405857522"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402091457"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000270883188"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000020170025"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402089770"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402089771"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000004601427"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401964589"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000019072802"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283905494"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000021487341"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412248475"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000412248474"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000020579960"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402088892"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402088893"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410479646"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410479647"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000270883176"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000402087474"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000267797226"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404846640"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404846641"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404680619"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404680620"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/50270921"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Kei Hirose"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919965014784","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Katsuya Shimizu"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380284919965014786","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Yasuo Ohishi"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"00280836"},{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"14764687"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Nature"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2016-06-01","prism:volume":"534","prism:number":"7605","prism:startingPage":"95","prism:endingPage":"98"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["http://www.springer.com/tdm","http://www.springer.com/tdm"],"url":[{"@id":"http://www.nature.com/articles/nature17957.pdf"},{"@id":"http://www.nature.com/articles/nature17957"}],"createdAt":"2016-06-01","modifiedAt":"2023-05-18","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000781833865984","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"15H05827"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP15H05827"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-15H05827/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"核－マントル物質の動的挙動"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Dynamic behaviour of core and mantle materials"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782188819200","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"24000005"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP24000005"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24000005/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"地球中心核の物質と進化の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Materials property and evolution of Earth's core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782313992320","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"26707029"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP26707029"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26707029/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"地球中心核の伝導特性の解明"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Electrical and thermal conduction properties of Earth's core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257293365248","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"26800274"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP26800274"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26800274/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"レーザー加熱ダイヤモンドアンビルセルを用いた内核・外核物質の密度測定"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Density measurements of iron alloys at high pressure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282257470329728","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16H06285"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16H06285"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16H06285/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"高圧液体の挙動と初期地球進化"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Behaviour of liquids under high pressure and the early evolution of the Earth"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1050002213759428608","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of hcp iron under high pressure"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360283691776179968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Crystallization of silicon dioxide and compositional evolution of the Earth’s core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360285707112191104","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electrical resistivity of substitutionally disordered hcp Fe–Si and Fe–Ni alloys: Chemically-induced resistivity saturation in the Earth's core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360286993799257472","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Technique, cell assembly, and measurement of<i>T-</i>dependent electrical resistivity of liquid Fe devoid of contamination at P, T 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SPring-8"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360292619389244800","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of liquid Fe alloys at high\n            <i>P</i>\n            and\n            <i>T</i>\n            , and heat flux in Earth’s core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360298757174818304","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Viscosity of Earth’s inner core constrained by Fe–Ni interdiffusion in Fe–Si alloy in an internal-resistive-heated diamond anvil cell"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360565165869619584","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Lattice thermal conductivity of MgSiO3 perovskite and post-perovskite at the core–mantle 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The electrical resistivity of liquid iron"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360574095215752704","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Quasihydrostatic Equation of State of Iron above 2 Mbar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360576217166865536","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Light elements in the Earth’s core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360582638915440128","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Measuring the Electrical Resistivity of Liquid Iron to 1.4 Mbar"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360588379364655488","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electrical Conductivity of Dense MgSiO\n                    <sub>3</sub>\n                    Melt Under Static Compression"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846639281667968","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Shock Compression and Melting of an Fe‐Ni‐Si Alloy: Implications for the Temperature Profile of the Earth's Core and the Heat Flux Across the Core‐Mantle Boundary"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360846641043916416","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of hcp Fe–Ni alloys under high pressure: Implications for thermal convection in the Earth’s core"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360848654732070912","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Measurements of lattice thermal conductivity of MgO to core‐mantle boundary 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