Thermodynamic origin of surface melting on ice crystals

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  • Ken-ichiro Murata
    Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;
  • Harutoshi Asakawa
    Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
  • Ken Nagashima
    Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;
  • Yoshinori Furukawa
    Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;
  • Gen Sazaki
    Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;

説明

<jats:title>Significance</jats:title><jats:p>Phase transitions of ice are a major source of a diverse set of natural phenomena on Earth. In particular, quasi-liquid layers (QLLs) resulting from surface melting are recognized to be key players involved in various natural phenomena spanning from making snowballs to electrification of thunderclouds. With the aid of in situ observations with our advanced optical microscopy combined with two-beam interferometry, we elucidate a thermodynamic origin of the formation of QLLs and their unique wetting behavior (pseudo-partial wetting and wetting transitions) on ice surfaces. We show that QLLs are a metastable transient state formed through vapor growth and sublimation of ice that are absent at equilibrium.</jats:p>

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