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From 600 to 330 ka, the activity mainly consisted of caldera-forming eruptions with two large-scale pyroclastic flows of >50 km3 in dense-rock equivalent (DRE). From 600 ka to present, 83% of the discharged magma has erupted as pyroclastic materials. After 330 ka, volcanic activity changed and stratovolcanoes started to be constructed with fallout tephras from plinian, vulcanian, Strombolian, and phreatomagmatic eruptions. Eruptive centers have roughly migrated from west to east, forming more than 25 small-scale stratovolcanoes and pyroclastic cones. The magma discharge rate has increased from 0.05 to 0.6 km3/ky. Kirishima is becoming increasingly more active, and a more accurate and detailed warning system for its eruptions is required."}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567182421908865","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Shinji Nagaoka"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420282801198178048","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"50309887"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000050309887"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003253366"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413854610"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000329008965"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413854603"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000237764558"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000413854622"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000397838849"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000240048205"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000003655731"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405123503"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401888053"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000401886665"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409984214"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405123496"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000410507208"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000019105391"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000409883270"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000411804272"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000002546931"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000414566092"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/Okuno326"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Mitsuru Okuno"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"PISSN","@value":"10406182"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Quaternary International"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Elsevier BV"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2011-12","prism:volume":"246","prism:number":"1-2","prism:startingPage":"260","prism:endingPage":"269"},"reviewed":"false","dc:rights":["https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/","https://www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license"],"url":[{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1040618211003260?httpAccept=text/xml"},{"@id":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1040618211003260?httpAccept=text/plain"}],"createdAt":"2011-06-25","modifiedAt":"2025-10-19","project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040000782062135680","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"21101002"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP21101002"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-21101002/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"年縞堆積物による環太平洋諸文明の高精度環境史復元"},{"@language":"en","@value":"High-resolution environmental reconstruction for the Pacific civilizations using annually laminated lake sediments"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002216137145344","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The role of tephras in developing a high-precision chronostratigraphy for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and archaeology in southern Kyushu, Japan, since 30,000 cal. 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