High-pressure synthesis and application of a <sup>13</sup>C diamond pressure sensor for experiments in a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Polycrystalline, cubic <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C diamond was synthesized from amorphous carbon in the Kawai-type multianvil apparatus at 21 GPa and at a temperature greater than 2350ºC. The polycrystalline diamond was homogeneous with a small grain size (10–20 μm) and a sharp Raman peak, and thereby was suitable as a pressure sensor for the experiments in a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. Pressure- and temperature-dependence of the Raman shift of the synthesized <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C diamond was investigated in situ at simultaneous high pressures and high temperatures in the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell, using the ruby fluorescence line, quartz Raman shift and H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O phase transitions as pressure references. It was observed that the frequency shift with pressure is independent of temperature and <jats:italic>vice versa</jats:italic> up to 500ºC and 4.2 GPa. The present study indicates that the <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C diamond Raman shift can be used for pressure determination with an accuracy better than ±0.3 GPa under the conditions examined.</jats:p>

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