{"@context":{"@vocab":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/schema/1.0/","rdfs":"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#","dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","prism":"http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/","cinii":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ns/1.0/","datacite":"https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/","ndl":"http://ndl.go.jp/dcndl/terms/","jpcoar":"https://github.com/JPCOAR/schema/blob/master/2.0/"},"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360567190140906368.json","@type":"Article","productIdentifier":[{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/amt-11-6651-2018"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/11/6651/2018/amt-11-6651-2018.pdf"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"DOI","@value":"10.5194/amt-2018-200"}},{"identifier":{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/amt-2018-200/amt-2018-200.pdf"}}],"resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","dc:title":[{"@value":"Improving algorithms and uncertainty estimates for satellite NO\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    retrievals: results from the quality assurance for the essential climate variables (QA4ECV) project"}],"description":[{"type":"abstract","notation":[{"@value":"<jats:p>Abstract. Global observations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns have been shown to be feasible from space, but consistent multi-sensor records do not yet exist, nor are they covered by planned activities at the international level. Harmonised, multi-decadal records of NO2 columns and their associated uncertainties can provide crucial information on how the emissions and concentrations of nitrogen oxides evolve over time. Here we describe the development of a new, community best-practice NO2 retrieval algorithm based on a synthesis of existing approaches. Detailed comparisons of these approaches led us to implement an enhanced spectral fitting method for NO2, a 1°  ×  1° TM5-MP data assimilation scheme to estimate the stratospheric background and improve air mass factor calculations. Guided by the needs expressed by data users, producers, and WMO GCOS guidelines, we incorporated detailed per-pixel uncertainty information in the data product, along with easily traceable information on the relevant quality aspects of the retrieval. We applied the improved QA4ECV NO2 algorithm to the most current level-1 data sets to produce a complete 22-year data record that includes GOME (1995–2003), SCIAMACHY (2002–2012), GOME-2(A) (2007 onwards) and OMI (2004 onwards). The QA4ECV NO2 spectral fitting recommendations and TM5-MP stratospheric column and air mass factor approach are currently also applied to S5P-TROPOMI. The uncertainties in the QA4ECV tropospheric NO2 columns amount to typically 40 % over polluted scenes. The first validation results of the QA4ECV OMI NO2 columns and their uncertainties over Tai'an, China, in June 2006 suggest a small bias (−2 %) and better precision than suggested by uncertainty propagation. We conclude that our improved QA4ECV NO2 long-term data record is providing valuable information to quantitatively constrain emissions, deposition, and trends in nitrogen oxides on a global scale.</jats:p>"}]}],"creator":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906246","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"K. Folkert Boersma"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906241","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Henk J. Eskes"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906377","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Andreas Richter"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906247","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Isabelle De Smedt"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906378","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Alba Lorente"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906245","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Steffen Beirle"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906242","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jos H. G. M. van Geffen"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906376","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Marina Zara"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906243","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Enno Peters"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906370","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Michel Van Roozendael"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906369","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Thomas Wagner"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906373","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Joannes D. Maasakkers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906371","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Ronald J. van der A"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906375","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Joanne Nightingale"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906372","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Anne De Rudder"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1420282801208352000","@type":"Researcher","personIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN_RESEARCHERS","@value":"40392956"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"1000040392956"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363487963"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000391408197"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000375917431"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000239585551"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000389554132"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398153832"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000405665364"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000404513080"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258404418"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258406691"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258255204"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000398788638"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000317131173"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000288832555"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000258406599"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363486730"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000327098763"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000283593579"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000375859216"},{"@type":"NRID","@value":"9000363486436"},{"@type":"RESEARCHMAP","@value":"https://researchmap.jp/hitoshi.irie"}],"foaf:name":[{"@value":"Hitoshi Irie"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906368","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Gaia Pinardi"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906244","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Jean-Christopher Lambert"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1380567190140906374","@type":"Researcher","foaf:name":[{"@value":"Steven C. Compernolle"}]}],"publication":{"publicationIdentifier":[{"@type":"EISSN","@value":"18678548"}],"prism:publicationName":[{"@value":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques"}],"dc:publisher":[{"@value":"Copernicus GmbH"}],"prism:publicationDate":"2018-12-17","prism:volume":"11","prism:number":"12","prism:startingPage":"6651","prism:endingPage":"6678"},"reviewed":"false","dcterms:accessRights":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2","dc:rights":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"url":[{"@id":"https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/11/6651/2018/amt-11-6651-2018.pdf"},{"@id":"https://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/amt-2018-200/amt-2018-200.pdf"}],"createdAt":"2018-12-17","modifiedAt":"2025-02-01","foaf:topic":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Earthwork.%20Foundations","dc:title":"Earthwork. Foundations"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=TA715-787","dc:title":"TA715-787"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Life%20Science","dc:title":"Life Science"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=Environmental%20engineering","dc:title":"Environmental engineering"},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/all?q=TA170-171","dc:title":"TA170-171"}],"project":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1040282256883273856","@type":"Project","projectIdentifier":[{"@type":"KAKEN","@value":"16K00512"},{"@type":"JGN","@value":"JP16K00512"},{"@type":"URI","@value":"https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16K00512/"}],"notation":[{"@language":"ja","@value":"ひまわり８号エアロゾルデータの国際地上リモートセンシング観測網による高確度検証"},{"@language":"en","@value":"Highly-accurate validation of Himawari-8 aerosol data using international ground-based remote sensing networks"}]}],"relatedProduct":[{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1360002221110394496","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal 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DOAS total-column satellite retrievals"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137043902639744","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Testing and improving OMI DOMINO tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> using observations from the DANDELIONS and INTEX‐B validation campaigns"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044793971584","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Error analysis for tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> retrieval from space"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137044919046016","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Near-real time retrieval of tropospheric NO\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    from OMI"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361137045221188608","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Algorithm for NO/sub 2/ vertical column retrieval from the ozone monitoring 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retrievals"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418519782407168","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Rapid increases in tropospheric ozone production and export from China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361418520680834688","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Retrieving tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: effects of aerosols, surface reflectance anisotropy, and vertical profile of nitrogen dioxide"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996217303424","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The ozone monitoring instrument"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361699996470287104","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"An improved tropospheric NO\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    column retrieval algorithm for the Ozone Monitoring 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features"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981469892150912","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470160916736","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Nitrogen Cascade"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1361981470786628224","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The GOME-2 instrument on the Metop series of satellites: instrument design,  calibration, and level 1 data processing  – an overview"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262943687456640","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"In-flight performance of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262944739755776","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Assimilation of GOME total‐ozone satellite observations in a three‐dimensional tracer‐transport model"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362262946154462208","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Improvements to the retrieval of tropospheric NO\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    from satellite – stratospheric correction using SCIAMACHY limb/nadir matching and comparison to Oslo CTM2 simulations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544419341057280","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The STRatospheric Estimation Algorithm from Mainz (STREAM):\nestimating stratospheric  NO\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    from nadir-viewing satellites by weighted convolution"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420295160448","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument level 1b data products"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420464837120","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The Concept of Essential Climate Variables in Support of Climate Research, Applications, and Policy"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362544420495265792","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Earth surface reflectance climatology from 3 years of OMI data"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894600508672","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Linearisation of the effects of spectral shift and stretch in DOAS analysis"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825894694412928","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Surface reflectivity climatologies from UV to NIR determined from Earth observations by GOME‐2 and SCIAMACHY"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895186653440","@type":"Article","resourceType":"学術雑誌論文(journal article)","relationType":["isReferencedBy"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Validation of tropospheric NO\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    column measurements of GOME-2A and OMI using MAX-DOAS and direct sun network observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895336293248","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1362825895743121408","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Revising the slant column density retrieval of nitrogen dioxide observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107369817599872","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Aura OMI observations of regional SO\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    and NO\n                    <sub>2</sub>\n                    pollution changes from 2005 to 2015"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363107369992624256","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Undersampling correction for array detector-based satellite spectrometers"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388844056555264","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363388845519148800","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Evaluation of stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub>retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Intercomparison, diurnal cycle, and trending"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670318921648000","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"MAX-DOAS measurements and satellite validation of tropospheric NO2 and SO2 vertical column densities at a rural site of North China"}]},{"@id":"https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1363670319621135360","@type":"Article","relationType":["references"],"jpcoar:relatedTitle":[{"@value":"Constraints on aerosol sources using GEOS‐Chem adjoint and MODIS radiances, and evaluation with multisensor (OMI, MISR) 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